节能灯性价比高的品牌排行榜 Skeletal System: Anatomy and Function, Diagram, Diseases, and More

The human skeletal system consists of all of the bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments in the body. Altogether, the skeleton makes up about 20 percent of a person’s body weight.

An adult’s skeleton contains 206 bones. Children’s skeletons actually contain more bones because some of them, including those of the skull, fuse together as they grow up.

There are also some differences in the male and female skeleton. The male skeleton is usually longer and has a high bone mass. The female skeleton, on the other hand, has a broader pelvis to accommodate for pregnancy and child birth.

Regardless of age or sex, the skeletal system can be broken down into two parts, known as the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

Axial skeleton anatomy

The adult axial skeleton consists of 80 bones. It’s made up of the bones that form the vertical axis of the body, such as the bones of the head, neck, chest, and spine.

Skull bones

The adult skull comprises 22 bones. These bones can be further classified by location:

Cranial bones. The eight cranial bones form the bulk of your skull. They help to protect your brain.Facial bones. There are 14 facial bones. They’re found on the front of the skull and make up the face.Auditory ossicles

The auditory ossicles are six small bones found within the inner ear canal in the skull. There are three auditory ossicles on each side of the head, known as the:

malleus (hammer)incus (anvil)stapes (stirrup)

They work together to transmit sound wes from the surrounding environment to the structures of the inner ear.

Hyoid

The hyoid is a U-shaped bone found at the base of the jaw. It serves as a point of attachment for muscles and ligaments in the neck.

Vertebral column

The vertebral column is made up 26 bones. The first 24 are all vertebrae, followed by the sacrum and coccyx (tailbone).

The 24 vertebrae can be further divided into the:

Cervical vertebrae. These seven bones are found in the head and neck.Thoracic vertebrae. These 12 bones are found in the upper back.Lumbar vertebrae. These five bones are found in the lower back.

The sacrum and coccyx are both made up of several fused vertebrae. They help support the weight of the body while sitting. They also serve as attachment points for various ligaments.

Thoracic cage

The thoracic cage is made up of the sternum (breastbone) and 12 pairs of ribs. These bones form a protective cage around the organs of the upper torso, including the heart and lungs.

Some of the ribs attach directly to the sternum, while others are linked to the sternum via cartilage. Some he no attachment point and are referred to as “floating ribs.”

Appendicular skeleton anatomy

There are a total of 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton. It consists of the bones that make up the arms and legs, as well as the bones that attach them to the axial skeleton.

Pectoral girdle

The pectoral girdle is where the arms attach to the axial skeleton. It’s made up of the clicle (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blade). There are two of each of these — one for each arm.

Upper limbs

Each arm contains 30 bones, known as the:

Humerus. The humerus is the long bone of the upper arm.Radius. The radius is one of two long bones of the forearm, found on the thumb side.Ulna. The ulna is the second long bone of the forearm, found on the pinky finger side.Carpals. The carpals are a group of eight bones found in the wrist area.Metacarpals. The metacarpals are five bones found in the middle area of the hand.Phalanges. The phalanges are 14 bones that make up the fingers.Pelvic girdle

The pelvic girdle, commonly known as the hips, is where the legs attach to the axial skeleton. It’s made up of two hipbones — one for each leg.

Each hip bone consists of three parts, known as the:

Ilium. The ilium is the top portion of each hip bone.Ischium. The ischium is a curved bone that makes up the base of each hip bone.Pubis. The pubis is located in the front part of the hip bone.Lower limbs

Each leg is composed of 30 bones, known as the:

Femur. The femur is the large bone of the upper leg.Tibia. The tibia is the main bone of the lower leg. It forms the shin.Fibula. The fibula is the second bone in the lower leg, found in the outer leg.Patella. The patella is also called the kneecap.Tarsals. The tarsals are the seven bones that make up the ankle.Metatarsal. The metatarsals are the five bones that make up the middle area of the foot.Phalanges. The phalanges are 14 bones that comprise the toes.