脾胃虚弱湿气重用什么泡脚 Deepwater Horizon oil spill settlements: Where the money went

NOAA led development of the preliminary restoration planning, along with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Deepwater Horizon Trustee Council, a joint federal, state and tribal body which oversaw the overall Natural Resource Damage Assessment. This process involves investigating the effects of the spill on natural resources and determining the costs to restore them.

Bottlenose dolphins, who had to swim through heily oiled waters, suffered serious reproductive and adverse health effects from the oil., some of which are still being determined. (NOAA)Download Image

Under the final consent decree, BP will pay the trustees up to $8.8 billion, the largest recovery of damages ever for injuries to natural resources, to restore the Gulf. The settlement includes:

$1 billion already allocated during early restoration which began in 2011. $7.1 billion for restoration stretching more than 15 years beginning in 2017.

Up to an additional $700 million to respond to natural resource damages unknown at the time of the agreement, and for adaptive management.

Because the effects of the Deepwater Horizon spill were so widespread, assessment teams are taking an ecosystem approach to restoring the Gulf ecosystem. Following a five-year evaluation of the damage, the Trustees issued a plan in 2016 to restore the Gulf and allocate funds from the settlement with BP. It set five goals:

Restore and conserve habitat - $4.7 billion Restore water quality - $410 million Replenish and protect coastal living resources - $1.8 billion Provide and enhance recreational opportunities - $420 million Monitoring, adaptive management and oversight - $1.5 billion

In 2011, one year after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, BP agreed to provide up to $1 billion toward early restoration projects in the Gulf of Mexico. Since then, the Trustee Council has approved five early restoration plans, encompassing 65 projects at an estimated cost of $866 million. These projects allowed us to start restoring the Gulf before the formal damage assessment ended. Those funds are credited towards the possible final $8.8 billion total.

Louisiana will receive more than half the funding, $5 billion, since it saw the most significant damage  from the spill. Detailed allocations and project information can be found on the Trustee Council website.