Six species of phalangeriformes, clockwise from the top left: greater glider (Petauroides volans), sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps), common spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus), feathertail glider (Acrobates pygmaeus), eastern pygmy possum (Cercartetus nanus), and common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Phalangeriformes is a suborder of Australian marsupial mammals. Members of this suborder are called phalangeriformes, and include possums, gliders, and cuscus. Phalangeriformes is one of three suborders that form the order Diprotodontia, the largest extant order of marsupials. They are found in Australia, New Guinea, and Indonesia, generally in forests, though some species can also be found in shrublands and grasslands. They range in size from the Tasmanian pygmy possum, at 5 cm (2 in) plus a 6 cm (2 in) tail, to the cuscus of the genus Spilocuscus, at 64 cm (25 in) plus a 59 cm (23 in) tail. Phalangeriformes primarily eat lees, fruit, and insects, though many are omnivorous and will eat small vertebrates or other plant material.
Many phalangeriformes do not he population estimates, but the ones that do range from 50 mature individuals to 75,000. No species he gone extinct in modern times, but five are categorized as endangered: the southern greater glider, Tate's triok, mahogany glider, Gebe cuscus, and Woodlark cuscus. A further eight species are categorized as critically endangered: Leadbeater's possum, northern glider, western ringtail possum, mountain pygmy possum, Talaud bear cuscus, Telefomin cuscus, black-spotted cuscus, and blue-eyed spotted cuscus.
The sixty-four extant species of Phalangeriformes are divided into six families grouped into two superfamilies: Petauroidea, containing two species in two genera in the family Acrobatidae, eleven in three genera in the family Petauridae, eighteen in six genera in the family Pseudocheiridae, and a single species in the family Tarsipedidae; and Phalangeroidea, containing five species in two genera in the family Burramyidae and twenty-seven in five genera in the family Phalangeridae. Several extinct Phalangeriformes species he been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[1]
Conventions[edit] IUCN Red List categoriesConservation status EX Extinct (0 species) EW Extinct in the wild (0 species) CR Critically endangered (8 species) EN Endangered (5 species) VU Vulnerable (6 species) NT Near threatened (8 species) LC Least concern (36 species)Other categories DD Data deficient (0 species) NE Not evaluated (1 species)The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not ailable, a description of the phalangeriformes's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.
Classification[edit]The suborder Phalangeriformes consists of six extant families grouped into two superfamilies: Acrobatidae, Petauridae, Pseudocheiridae, and Tarsipedidae in the superfamily Petauroidea, and Burramyidae and Phalangeridae in the superfamily Phalangeroidea. Acrobatidae contains two species in two genera, Petauridae contains eleven species in three genera, Pseudocheiridae contains eighteen species in six genera, Tarsipedidae contains a single species, Burramyidae contains five species in two genera, and Phalangeridae contains twenty-seven species in five genera.
Superfamily Petauroidea
Family Acrobatidae Genus Acrobates (feathertail glider): one species Genus Distoechurus (feather-tailed possum): one species Family Petauridae Genus Dactylopsila (trioks): four species Genus Gymnobelideus (Leadbeater's possum): one species Genus Petaurus (gliders): six species Family Pseudocheiridae Subfamily Hemibelideinae Genus Hemibelideus (lemuroid ringtail possum): one species Genus Petauroides (southern greater glider): one species Subfamily Pseudocheirinae Genus Petropseudes (rock-haunting ringtail possum): one species Genus Pseudocheirus (ringtail possums): two species Genus Pseudochirulus (ringtail possums): eight species Subfamily Pseudochiropsinae Genus Pseudochirops (ringtail possums): five species Family Tarsipedidae Genus Tarsipes (honey possum): one speciesSuperfamily Phalangeroidea
Family Burramyidae Genus Burramys (mountain pygmy possum): one species Genus Cercartetus (pygmy possums): four species Family Phalangeridae Subfamily Ailuropinae Genus Ailurops (bear cuscus): two species Subfamily Phalangerinae Genus Phalanger (cuscus): thirteen species Genus Spilocuscus (spotted cuscus): five species Genus Strigocuscus (cuscus): two species Genus Trichosurus (brushtail possums): four species Genus Wyulda (scaly-tailed possum): one species Phalangeriformes[2][3] Phalangeroidea BurramyidaeBurramys
Cercartetus
PhalangeridaeTrichosurus
Wyulda
Ailurops
Phalanger
Spilocuscus
Strigocuscus
Petauroidea AcrobatidaeAcrobates
Distoechurus
TarsipedidaeTarsipes
PetauridaePetaurus
Dactylopsila
Gymnobelideus
PseudocheiridaePetropseudes
Pseudochirops
Hemibelideus
Petauroides
Pseudocheirus
Pseudochirulus
Phalangeriformes[edit]The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[4]
Superfamily Petauroidea[edit] Main article: Petauroidea Acrobatidae[edit] Main article: Acrobatidae Genus Acrobates – Desmarest, 1818 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Feathertail gliderA. pygmaeus (Shaw, 1793) Eastern Australia Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 7–8 cm (3 in) tail[5]Habitat: Forest[6]Diet: Honeydew and arthropods[5] LC
Unknown [6]
Genus Distoechurus – Peters, 1874 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Feather-tailed possumD. pennatus (Peters, 1874) New Guinea Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 6–12 cm (2–5 in) tail[7]Habitat: Forest[8]Diet: Nectar, pollen, insects, and soft fruit[7] LC
Unknown [8]
Petauridae[edit] Main article: Petauridae Genus Dactylopsila – Gray, 1858 – four species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Great-tailed triokD. megalura Rothschild & Dollman, 1932 Central New Guinea Size: 17–32 cm (7–13 in) long, plus 16–40 cm (6–16 in) tail[9]Habitat: Forest[10]Diet: Insects, fruit, and lees[9] LC
Unknown [10]
Long-fingered triokD. palpator H. Milne-Edwards, 1888 Central New Guinea Size: 17–32 cm (7–13 in) long, plus 16–40 cm (6–16 in) tail[9]Habitat: Forest[11]Diet: Insects, fruit, and lees[9] LC
Unknown [11]
Striped possumD. trivirgata Gray, 1858 Four subspecies D. t. kataui D. t. melampus D. t. picata D. t. trivirgata New Guinea and northeastern Australia Size: 17–32 cm (7–13 in) long, plus 16–40 cm (6–16 in) tail[9]Habitat: Forest[12]Diet: Ants, termites, and larvae[13] LC
Unknown [12]
Tate's triokD. tatei Laurie, 1952 Eastern New Guinea Size: 17–32 cm (7–13 in) long, plus 16–40 cm (6–16 in) tail[9]Habitat: Forest[14]Diet: Insects, fruit, and lees[14] EN
Unknown [14]
Genus Gymnobelideus – McCoy, 1867 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Leadbeater's possumG. leadbeateri McCoy, 1867 Southern Australia Size: 15–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 14–18 cm (6–7 in) tail[15]Habitat: Forest[16]Diet: Insects, spiders, and sap[17] CR
1,100–11,000 [16]
Genus Petaurus – Shaw, 1791 – six species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Biak gliderP. biacensis Ulmer, 1940 Northwestern New Guinea Size: 12–32 cm (5–13 in) long, plus 15–48 cm (6–19 in) tail[18]Habitat: Forest[19]Diet: Sap, flowers, nectar, pollen, insects, arachnids, and small vertebrates[18] LC
Unknown [19]
Mahogany gliderP. gracilis (Vis, 1883) Northeastern Australia Size: 12–32 cm (5–13 in) long, plus 15–48 cm (6–19 in) tail[18]Habitat: Forest[20]Diet: Nectar and pollen, as well as insects[21] EN
Unknown [20]
Northern gliderP. abidi Ziegler, 1981 Northern New Guinea Size: 12–32 cm (5–13 in) long, plus 15–48 cm (6–19 in) tail[18]Habitat: Forest[22]Diet: Sap, flowers, nectar, pollen, insects, arachnids, and small vertebrates[18] CR
Unknown [22]
Squirrel gliderP. norfolcensis (Kerr, 1792) Eastern Australia Size: 12–32 cm (5–13 in) long, plus 15–48 cm (6–19 in) tail[18]Habitat: Forest[23]Diet: Insects, gum, sap, nectar, pollen, and seeds[24] LC
Unknown [23]
Sugar gliderP. breviceps Waterhouse, 1839 Four subspecies P. b. ariel (Sanna glider) P. b. breviceps P. b. longicaudatus P. b. papuanus New Guinea and northern, eastern, and southern Australia (introduced in pink) Size: 12–32 cm (5–13 in) long, plus 15–48 cm (6–19 in) tail[25]Habitat: Forest and sanna[26]Diet: Sap, pollen, nectar, insects, arachnids, and small vertebrates[25] LC
Unknown [26]
Yellow-bellied gliderP. australis Shaw, 1791 Two subspecies P. a. australis P. a. reginae Eastern Australia Size: 27–30 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 42–48 cm (17–19 in) tail[27]Habitat: Forest[28]Diet: Nectar, pollen, and sap, as well as insects, arachnids, grubs, and small vertebrates[27] VU
10,000–100,000 [28]
Pseudocheiridae[edit] Main article: Pseudocheiridae Subfamily Hemibelideinae[edit] Main article: Hemibelideinae Genus Hemibelideus – Collett, 1884 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Lemuroid ringtail possumH. lemuroides (Collett, 1884) Northeastern Australia Size: 30–38 cm (12–15 in) long, plus 30–35 cm (12–14 in) tail[29]Habitat: Forest[30]Diet: Lees[29] NT
Unknown [30]
Genus Petauroides – Thomas, 1888 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Southern greater gliderP. volans (Kerr, 1792) Two subspecies P. v. minor P. v. volans Southeastern Australia Size: 30–48 cm (12–19 in) long, plus 45–55 cm (18–22 in) tail[31]Habitat: Forest[32]Diet: Eucalyptus lees[31] EN
100,000–500,000 [32]
Subfamily Pseudocheirinae[edit] Main article: Pseudocheirinae Genus Petropseudes – Thomas, 1923 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Rock-haunting ringtail possumP. dahli (Collett, 1895) Northern Australia Size: 33–38 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 20–27 cm (8–11 in) tail[33]Habitat: Rocky areas[34]Diet: Lees, fruit, and flowers, as well as termites[35] LC
Unknown [34]
Genus Pseudocheirus – Ogilby, 1837 – two species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Common ringtail possumP. peregrinus (Boddaert, 1785) Three subspecies P. p. convolutor (Eastern ringtail possum) P. p. peregrinus (Common ringtail possum) P. p. pulcher (Rufous ringtail possum) Eastern and southern Australia Size: 30–35 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 30–35 cm (12–14 in) tail[36]Habitat: Forest and sanna[37]Diet: Eucalyptus lees, as well as flowers, buds, nectar, and fruit[36] LC
Unknown [37]
Western ringtail possumP. occidentalis (Thomas, 1888) Southwestern Australia Size: 28–40 cm (11–16 in) long, plus 28–36 cm (11–14 in) tail[38]Habitat: Forest and sanna[39]Diet: Lees, as well as fruit, flowers, bark, and sap[38] CR
3,400 [39]
Genus Pseudochirulus – Matschie, 1915 – eight species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Daintree River ringtail possumP. cinereus Tate, 1945 Northeastern Australia Size: 16–40 cm (6–16 in) long, plus 15–47 cm (6–19 in) tail[40]Habitat: Forest[41]Diet: Lees and fruit[40] NT
20,000–100,000 [41]
Herbert River ringtail possumP. herbertensis (Collett, 1884) Northeastern Australia Size: 30–40 cm (12–16 in) long, plus 29–47 cm (11–19 in) tail[42]Habitat: Forest[43]Diet: Lees[42] LC
Unknown [43]
Lowland ringtail possumP. canescens (Waterhouse, 1846) Five subspecies P. c. arus P. c. bernsteini P. c. canescens P. c. dammermani P. c. gyrator New Guinea Size: 16–40 cm (6–16 in) long, plus 15–47 cm (6–19 in) tail[40]Habitat: Forest[44]Diet: Lees and fruit[40] LC
Unknown [44]
Masked ringtail possumP. larvatus (Rothschild, 1911) Eastern New Guinea Size: 16–40 cm (6–16 in) long, plus 15–47 cm (6–19 in) tail[40]Habitat: Forest[45]Diet: Lees and fruit[40] LC
Unknown [45]
Painted ringtail possumP. forbesi (Thomas, 1887) Eastern New Guinea Size: 16–40 cm (6–16 in) long, plus 15–47 cm (6–19 in) tail[40]Habitat: Forest[46]Diet: Lees and fruit[40] LC
Unknown [46]
Pygmy ringtail possumP. mayeri (Rothschild & Dollman, 1932) Central New Guinea Size: 16–40 cm (6–16 in) long, plus 15–47 cm (6–19 in) tail[40]Habitat: Forest[47]Diet: Lees, ferns, pollen, fungus, moss, and lichens[48] LC
Unknown [47]
Vogelkop ringtail possumP. schlegeli (Jentink, 1884) Western New Guinea Size: 16–40 cm (6–16 in) long, plus 15–47 cm (6–19 in) tail[40]Habitat: Forest[49]Diet: Lees and fruit[40] VU
Unknown [49]
Weyland ringtail possumP. caroli Thomas, 1921 Two subspecies P. c. caroli P. c. versteegi Western New Guinea Size: 16–40 cm (6–16 in) long, plus 15–47 cm (6–19 in) tail[40]Habitat: Forest[50]Diet: Lees and fruit[40] LC
Unknown [50]
Subfamily Pseudochiropsinae[edit] Main article: Pseudochiropsinae Genus Pseudochirops – Matschie, 1915 – five species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Coppery ringtail possumP. cupreus (Thomas, 1897) Central New Guinea Size: 28–41 cm (11–16 in) long, plus 25–38 cm (10–15 in) tail[33]Habitat: Forest and grassland[51]Diet: Lees as well as fruit[33] LC
Unknown [51]
D'Albertis's ringtail possumP. albertisii (Peters, 1874) Three subspecies P. a. albertisii P. a. insularis P. a. schultzei Western and northern New Guinea Size: 28–41 cm (11–16 in) long, plus 25–38 cm (10–15 in) tail[33]Habitat: Forest[52]Diet: Lees as well as fruit[33] NT
Unknown [52]
Green ringtail possumP. archeri (Collett, 1884) Northeastern Australia Size: 28–41 cm (11–16 in) long, plus 25–38 cm (10–15 in) tail[33]Habitat: Forest[53]Diet: Lees, as well as figs[54] NT
100,000 [53]
Plush-coated ringtail possumP. corinnae (Thomas, 1897) Three subspecies P. c. argenteus P. c. corinnae P. c. fuscus Central New Guinea Size: 28–41 cm (11–16 in) long, plus 25–38 cm (10–15 in) tail[33]Habitat: Forest[55]Diet: Lees as well as fruit[33] NT
Unknown [55]
Reclusive ringtail possumP. coronatus (Thomas, 1897) Western New Guinea Size: 28–41 cm (11–16 in) long, plus 25–38 cm (10–15 in) tail[33]Habitat: Forest[56]Diet: Lees as well as fruit[33] VU
Unknown [56]
Tarsipedidae[edit] Main article: Tarsipedidae Genus Tarsipes – Gervais & Verreaux, 1842 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Honey possumT. rostratus Gervais & Verreaux, 1842 Southwestern Australia Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail[57]Habitat: Shrubland[58]Diet: Pollen and nectar[57] LC
Unknown [58]
Superfamily Phalangeroidea[edit] Main article: Phalangeroidea Burramyidae[edit] Main article: Burramyidae Genus Burramys – Broom, 1895 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Mountain pygmy possumB. parvus Broom, 1896 Southeastern Australia Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail[59]Habitat: Shrubland[60]Diet: Insects, spiders, seeds, and berries[61] CR
Unknown [60]
Genus Cercartetus – Gloger, 1841 – four species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Eastern pygmy possumC. nanus (Desmarest, 1818) Two subspecies C. n. nanus C. n. unicolor Southeastern Australia Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail[62]Habitat: Forest and shrubland[63]Diet: Nectar, pollen, and insects[62] LC
Unknown [63]
Long-tailed pygmy possumC. caudatus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1877) Two subspecies C. c. caudatus C. c. macrura New Guinea and northeastern Australia Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 12–16 cm (5–6 in) tail[64]Habitat: Forest and shrubland[65]Diet: Nectar, insects, and pollen[66] LC
Unknown [65]
Tasmanian pygmy possumC. lepidus Thomas, 1888 Southern Australia Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 6–8 cm (2–3 in) tail[67]Habitat: Forest and shrubland[68]Diet: Nectar, pollen, invertebrates, and small lizards[67] LC
Unknown [68]
Western pygmy possumC. concinnus (Gould, 1845) Two subspecies C. c. concinnus C. c. minor Southern and southwestern Australia Size: 6–11 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 5–11 cm (2–4 in) tail[64]Habitat: Forest and shrubland[69]Diet: Nectar, insects, and small lizards[70] LC
Unknown [69]
Phalangeridae[edit] Main article: Phalangeridae Subfamily Ailuropinae[edit] Main article: Ailuropinae Genus Ailurops – Wagler, 1830 – two species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Sulawesi bear cuscusA. ursinus (Temminck, 1824) Four subspecies A. u. flissimus A. u. furvus A. u. togianus A. u. ursinus Sulawesi island in Indonesia Size: 56–54 cm (22–21 in) long, plus 61–58 cm (24–23 in) tail[71]Habitat: Forest[72]Diet: Lees, flowers, and fruit[73] VU
Unknown [72]
Talaud bear cuscusA. melanotis (Thomas, 1898) Salibabu Island in Indonesia Size: 56–54 cm (22–21 in) long, plus 61–58 cm (24–23 in) tail[71]Habitat: Forest[74]Diet: Lees as well as fruit[71] CR
Unknown [74]
Subfamily Phalangerinae[edit] Main article: Phalangerinae Genus Phalanger – Storr, 1780 – thirteen species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Blue-eyed cuscusP. matabiru Flannery & Boeadi, 1995 Ternate and Tidore islands in eastern Indonesia Size: 32–60 cm (13–24 in) long, plus 24–61 cm (9–24 in) tail[75]Habitat: Forest[76]Diet: Fruit and lees, as well as insects, small vertebrates, and eggs[75] VU
Unknown [76]
Eastern common cuscusP. intercastellanus Thomas, 1895 Eastern New Guinea Size: 32–60 cm (13–24 in) long, plus 24–61 cm (9–24 in) tail[75]Habitat: Forest[77]Diet: Fruit and lees, as well as insects, small vertebrates, and eggs[75] LC
Unknown [77]
Gebe cuscusP. alexandrae Flannery & Boeadi, 1995 Gebe island in eastern Indonesia Size: 32–60 cm (13–24 in) long, plus 24–61 cm (9–24 in) tail[75]Habitat: Forest[78]Diet: Fruit and lees, as well as insects, small vertebrates, and eggs[75] EN
Unknown [78]
Ground cuscusP. gymnotis (Peters & Doria, 1875) Two subspecies P. g. gymnotis P. g. leucippus New Guinea Size: 32–60 cm (13–24 in) long, plus 24–61 cm (9–24 in) tail[75]Habitat: Forest[79]Diet: Fruit, eggs, seeds, and lees[80] LC
Unknown [79]
Mountain cuscusP. carmelitae Thomas, 1898 Two subspecies P. c. carmelitae P. c. coccygis Central and eastern New Guinea Size: 32–60 cm (13–24 in) long, plus 24–61 cm (9–24 in) tail[75]Habitat: Forest[81]Diet: Fruit and lees, as well as insects, small vertebrates, and eggs[75] LC
Unknown [81]
Northern common cuscusP. orientalis (Pallas, 1766) Two subspecies P. o. breviceps P. o. orientalis New Guinea and nearby islands (introduced in red) Size: 32–60 cm (13–24 in) long, plus 24–61 cm (9–24 in) tail[75]Habitat: Forest[82]Diet: Lees, tree seeds, fruit, buds and flowers[83] LC
Unknown [82]
Ornate cuscusP. ornatus (Gray, 1860) North Maluku islands in eastern Indonesia Size: 32–60 cm (13–24 in) long, plus 24–61 cm (9–24 in) tail[75]Habitat: Forest[84]Diet: Fruit and lees, as well as insects, small vertebrates, and eggs[75] LC
Unknown [84]
Rothschild's cuscusP. rothschildi Thomas, 1898 Obi Islands in eastern Indonesia Size: 32–60 cm (13–24 in) long, plus 24–61 cm (9–24 in) tail[75]Habitat: Forest[85]Diet: Fruit and lees, as well as insects, small vertebrates, and eggs[75] LC
Unknown [85]
Silky cuscusP. sericeus Thomas, 1907 Two subspecies P. s. occidentalis P. s. sericeus Central and eastern New Guinea Size: 32–60 cm (13–24 in) long, plus 24–61 cm (9–24 in) tail[75]Habitat: Forest[86]Diet: Fruit and lees, as well as insects, small vertebrates, and eggs[75] LC
Unknown [86]
Southern common cuscusP. mimicus Pallas, 1766 Two subspecies P. m. mimicus P. m. peninsulae Southern New Guinea and northeastern Australia Size: 32–60 cm (13–24 in) long, plus 24–61 cm (9–24 in) tail[75]Habitat: Forest and sanna[87]Diet: Fruit and lees, as well as insects, small vertebrates, and eggs[75] LC
Unknown [87]
Stein's cuscusP. vestitus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1877) Scattered New Guinea Size: 32–60 cm (13–24 in) long, plus 24–61 cm (9–24 in) tail[75]Habitat: Forest[88]Diet: Fruit and lees, as well as insects, small vertebrates, and eggs[75] LC
Unknown [88]
Telefomin cuscusP. matanim Flannery, 1987 Central New Guinea Size: 32–60 cm (13–24 in) long, plus 24–61 cm (9–24 in) tail[75]Habitat: Forest[89]Diet: Fruit and lees, as well as insects, small vertebrates, and eggs[75] CR
40 [89]
Woodlark cuscusP. lullulae Thomas, 1896 Madau and Woodlark Island east of New Guinea Size: 32–60 cm (13–24 in) long, plus 24–61 cm (9–24 in) tail[75]Habitat: Forest[90]Diet: Vines[91] EN
Unknown [90]
Genus Spilocuscus – Gray, 1861 – five species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Admiralty Island cuscusS. kraemeri (Schwarz, 1910) Admiralty Islands north of New Guinea Size: 33–64 cm (13–25 in) long, plus 31–59 cm (12–23 in) tail[92]Habitat: Forest[93]Diet: Lees, coconuts, and other fruit[92] NT
Unknown [93]
Black-spotted cuscusS. rufoniger (Zimara, 1937) Northern New Guinea Size: 33–64 cm (13–25 in) long, plus 31–59 cm (12–23 in) tail[92]Habitat: Forest[94]Diet: Believed to be omnivorous[95] CR
Unknown [94]
Blue-eyed spotted cuscusS. wilsoni Helgen & Flannery, 2004 Islands northwest of New Guinea Size: 33–64 cm (13–25 in) long, plus 31–59 cm (12–23 in) tail[92]Habitat: Forest[96]Diet: Lees, coconuts, and other fruit[92] CR
Unknown [96]
Common spotted cuscusS. maculatus (Geoffroy, 1803) Four subspecies S. m. chrysorrhous S. m. goldiei S. m. maculatus S. m. nudicaudatus New Guinea and northeastern Australia Size: 48–56 cm (19–22 in) long, plus 31–33 cm (12–13 in) tail[97]Habitat: Forest[98]Diet: Lees, fruit, insects, and small vertebrates[97] LC
Unknown [98]
Waigeou cuscusS. papuensis (Desmarest, 1822) Waigeo in eastern Indonesia Size: 33–64 cm (13–25 in) long, plus 31–59 cm (12–23 in) tail[92]Habitat: Forest[99]Diet: Lees, coconuts, and other fruit[92] VU
Unknown [99]
Genus Strigocuscus – Gray, 1861 – two species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Banggai cuscusS. pelengensis (Tate, 1945) Two subspecies S. p. mendeni S. p. pelengensis Peleng and Sula Islands in eastern Indonesia Size: 35–37 cm (14–15 in) long, plus 24–30 cm (9–12 in) tail[100]Habitat: Forest[101]Diet: Fruit[100] LC
Unknown [101]
Sulawesi dwarf cuscusS. celebensis (Gray, 1858) Three subspecies S. c. celebensis S. c. feileri S. c. sangirensis Sulawesi in Indonesia Size: 29–38 cm (11–15 in) long, plus 27–38 cm (11–15 in) tail[102]Habitat: Forest[103]Diet: Fruit, flowers, and lees[103] NT
Unknown [103]
Genus Trichosurus – Lesson, 1828 – four species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Common brushtail possumT. vulpecula (Kerr, 1792) Scattered Australia Size: 32–58 cm (13–23 in) long, plus 24–35 cm (9–14 in) tail[104]Habitat: Forest and sanna[105]Diet: Lees, shoots, and flowers[104] LC
Unknown [105]
Coppery brushtail possumT. johnstonii (Ramsay, 1888) Northeastern Australia Size: 40–49 cm (16–19 in) long, plus 30–40 cm (12–16 in) tail[106]Habitat: Forest[106]Diet: Lees and fruit[106] NE
Unknown
Mountain brushtail possumT. cunninghami Lindenmayer, Dubach & Viggers, 2002 Southeastern Australia Size: 32–58 cm (13–23 in) long, plus 24–40 cm (9–16 in) tail[107]Habitat: Forest[108]Diet: Lees, fungi, lichen, buds, and fruit, as well as bark[109] LC
Unknown [108]
Short-eared possumT. caninus (Ogilby, 1836) Eastern Australia Size: 32–58 cm (13–23 in) long, plus 24–40 cm (9–16 in) tail[107]Habitat: Forest[110]Diet: Lees, fruit, buds, fungi, bark, and insects[111] LC
Unknown [110]
Genus Wyulda – Alexander, 1918 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Scaly-tailed possumW. squamicaudata Alexander, 1918 Northwestern Australia Size: 29–47 cm (11–19 in) long, plus 25–33 cm (10–13 in) tail[112]Habitat: Forest, sanna, and rocky areas[113]Diet: Lees[114] NT
5,000–10,000 [113]
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ISBN 978-1-4214-2468-2. vteLists of mammal species Mammals marine prehistoric recently extinct critically endangered endangered vulnerable near threatened least concern data deficient Monotremesand marsupials Dasyuromorphs (quolls, dunnarts, and other Australian carnivores) Didelphimorphs (opossums) Peramelemorphs (bandicoots and bilbies) Diprotodonts(kangaroos and possums) Macropodiformes (kangaroos, wallabies, bettongs, and potoroos) Phalangeriformes (possums, gliders, and cuscus) Placentalmammals Afrosoricids (golden moles, otter shrews, and tenrecs) Cingulates (armadillos) Macroscelids (elephant shrews) Perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates) Pholidotans (pangolins) Pilosans (anteaters and sloths) Scandentians (treeshrews) Artiodactyls(even-toed ungulates) Bovids (antelope, sheep, goats, and cattle) Cervids (deer) Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) Arctic extinct Suines (pigs and peccaries) Carnivorans(carnivores) Canids (wolves and foxes) Canis lupus subspecies Felids (cats) Herpestids (mongooses) Mephitids (skunks and stink badgers) Mustelids (badgers, martens, otters, and weasels) Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses) Fossil pinnipedimorphs (seals and stem-relatives) Procyonids (raccoons, coatis, and kinkajous) Ursids (bears) Ursus arctos subspecies Viverrids (civets and genets) Chiropterans(bats) recently extinct Emballonurids (sheath-tailed bats) Hipposiderids (Old World leaf-nosed bats) Miniopterids (bent-winged bats) Molossids (free-tailed bats) Mormoopids (mustached bats) Natalids (funnel-eared bats) Nycterids (slit-faced bats) Phyllostomids (leaf-nosed bats) Pteropodids (fruit bats) Rhinolophids (horseshoe bats) Vespertilionids (vesper bats) Kerivoulines (woolly bats) Murinines (tube-nosed bats) Myotines (mouse-eared bats) Vespertilionines (pipistrelles and serotines) Eulipotyphlans(moles and shrews) Erinaceids (hedgehogs and gymnures) Soricids (shrews) Crocidurines (white-toothed shrews) Myosoricines (African shrews) Soricines (red-toothed shrews) Talpids (moles and desmans) Lagomorphs(rabbits and pikas) Leporids (hares and rabbits) Ochotonids (pikas) Primates Cercopithecoids (Old World monkeys) Hominoids (apes) Lemuroids (lemurs) Lorisoids (lorises and galagos) Platyrrhines (New World monkeys) Tarsiiformes (tarsiers) Fossil primates Rodents extinct Bathyergids (mole-rats) Calomyscids (mouse-like hamsters) Capromyids (hutias) Ciids (cies and guinea pigs) Cricetids (lemmings, voles, and New World rats and mice) Arvicolines (lemmings and voles) Cricetines (hamsters) Neotomines (deer mice and pack rats) Sigmodontines (New World rats and mice) Ctenomyids (tuco-tucos) Dasyproctids (agoutis) Dipodids (jerboas) Echimyids (Neotropical spiny rats) Erethizontids (New World porcupines) Geomyids (gophers) Glirids (dormice) Heteromyids (kangaroo rats and pocket mice) Hystricids (Old World porcupines) Murids (mice, rats, and gerbils) Deomyines (spiny mice and brush-furred rats) Nesomyids (climbing mice and tufted-tailed rats) Octodontids (degus and viscacha rats) Sciurids (squirrels, chipmunks, and marmots) Sminthids (birch mice) Spalacids (bamboo rats and blind mole-rats)