Historical logarithmic graph of the Hang Seng Index from 1969 to 2012.FoundationJuly 31, 1964; 61 years ago (1964-07-31)[1]OperatorHang Seng Indexes CompanyExchangesHong Kong Stock ExchangeTrading symbolHSIConstituents82Weighting methodCapitalisation-weightedWebsitehsi.com.hk
Hang Seng Index 2001–2022
Hang Seng IndexTraditional Chinese恒生指數Simplified Chinese恒生指数Literal meaningever-growing indexTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinHéng Shēng zhǐshùWade–GilesHeng Sheng chihshuYale RomanizationHéng Shēng jřshùIPA[xə̌ŋ ʂə́ŋʈʂɻ̩̀ʂû]Yue: CantoneseYale RomanizationHàhng sāng jí sóuJyutpingHang4 sang1 zi2 sou3IPA[hɐ̏ŋ sɐ́ːŋ tɕǐːsǒu]
The Hang Seng Index (HSI) is a market-capitalisation-weighted stock market index in Hong Kong adjusted for free float. It tracks and records daily changes in the largest stock listings on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and serves as the primary indicator of overall market performance in Hong Kong. These 82 constituent companies represent about 58% of the capitalisation of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.[2]
HSI was publicized on November 24, 1969, and is currently compiled and maintained by Hang Seng Indexes Company Limited, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hang Seng Bank, one of the largest banks registered and listed in Hong Kong in terms of market capitalisation.[3] It is responsible for compiling, publishing and managing the Hang Seng Index and a range of other stock indexes, such as Hang Seng China Enterprises Index, Hang Seng China AH Index Series, Hang Seng China H-Financials Index, Hang Seng Composite Index Series, Hang Seng China A Industry Top Index, Hang Seng Corporate Sustainability Index Series and Hang Seng Total Return Index Series. Hang Seng in turn, despite being a public company, is controlled by another listed international financial institution HSBC Holdings plc. Both HSBC Holdings and Hang Seng are constituents of the index.
History[edit]Ho Sin Hang, founding chairman of the Hang Seng Bank, conceived the idea of creating the Hang Seng Index as a "Dow Jones Index for Hong Kong".[4][5] Along with Hang Seng Director Lee Quo-wei, he commissioned Hang Seng's head of Research Stanley Kwan to create the index in 1964,[4] the index was initially used for internal reference in the Hang Seng Bank, they debuted the index on November 24, 1969.[5]
Investing in the Hang Seng Index[edit] Mutual and exchange-traded funds[edit]Index funds, including mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), can replicate, before fees and expenses, the performance of the index by holding the same stocks as the index in the same proportions. ETFs that replicate the performance of the index are issued by Hang Seng Investment Management (Tracker Fund of Hong Kong, SEHK: 2800)[6], CSOP Asset Management (SEHK: 3037)[7], and iShares (SEHK: 3115).[8]
CSOP Asset Management offers an inverse ETF (SEHK: 7300)[9] that produces -1x daily return of the Hang Seng Index, as well as leveraged ETFs which attempt to produce 2x the daily return of either investing in (SEHK: 7200)[10] or shorting (SEHK: 7500)[11] the index.
Derivatives[edit]In the derivatives market, the Hang Seng Index is traded as a futures contract on the Hong Kong Futures Exchange (HKFE). The full contract specifications are below:
Contract Specification[12] Hang Seng Index (HSI) Contract Size: HK$50 Hang Seng Index Points Exchange: HKFE Sector: Index Tick Size: 1 Tick Value: 50 HKD Big Point Value (BPV): 50 Denomination: HKD Decimal Place: 0 Statistics[edit]
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When the Hang Seng Index was first published, its base of 100 points was set equivalent to the stocks' total value as of the market close on July 31, 1964. Its all-time low is 58.61 points, reached retroactively on August 31, 1967, after the base value was established but before the publication of the index. The Hang Seng passed the 10,000 point milestone for the first time in its history on December 10, 1993, and, 13 years later, passed the 20,000 point milestone on December 28, 2006. In less than 10 months, it passed the 30,000 point milestone on October 18, 2007. Its all-time high, set on January 26, 2018, was 33,223.58 points[13] at closing. From October 30, 2007, through March 9, 2008, the index lost 9,426 points or approximately 30%. On September 5, it fell past the 20,000 mark the first time in almost a year to a low of 19,708.39, later closing at 19,933.28. On October 8, 2008, the index closed at 15,431.73, over 50% less than the all-time high and the lowest closing value in over two years. On October 27, 2008, the index further fell to 10,676.29 points, hing fallen nearly two-thirds from its all-time peak, but passed the 20,000 point milestone again to 20,063.93 on 24 July 2009. The index reached 25,000.00 on August 19, 2014, reaching as high as 25,201.21 that day, later closing at 24,909.26 points. It continued rising to hit 26,000 on April 8, 2015, with a close of 26,236.86 The following day, it rose to as much as 27,922.67 before closing at 26,944.39. Yet again, another milestone was reached on April 13, 2015, rising to over 28,000 points, or closing to 28,016.34, the highest since December 2007. On July 8, 2015, the index fell as much as 2139 points. On 21 August the index entered a bear market. The index at that point hovered around 18000–19000 points,[14] until it ended in February 2016. On 24 June 2016, the market fell 1,000 points in response to UK EU referendum results that "Lee" won the vote against "Remain". Then, the markets continuously fell on 27 and 28 June 2016 before recovered slightly on 29 June 2016.
Annual returns[edit]The following table shows the annual development of the Hang Seng Index, which was calculated from 1964.[15]
Year Closing level Change in Indexin Points Change in Indexin % 1965 82.14 1966 79.69 −2.45 −2.98 1967 66.92 −12.77 −16.02 1968 107.55 40.63 60.71 1969 155.47 47.92 44.56 1970 211.64 56.17 36.13 1971 341.36 129.72 61.29 1972 843.40 502.04 147.07 1973 433.68 −409.72 −48.58 1974 171.11 −262.57 −60.54 1975 350.00 178.89 104.55 1976 447.67 97.67 27.91 1977 404.02 −43.65 −9.75 1978 495.51 91.49 22.64 1979 879.38 383.87 77.47 1980 1,473.59 594.21 67.57 1981 1,405.82 −67.77 −4.60 1982 783.82 −622.00 −44.24 1983 874.94 91.12 11.63 1984 1,200.38 567.35 89.62 1985 1,752.45 552.07 45.99 1986 2,568.30 815.85 46.55 1987 2,302.75 −265.55 −10.34 1988 2,687.44 384.69 16.70 1989 2,836.57 149.13 5.55 1990 3,024.55 187.98 6.63 1991 4,297.33 1,272.78 42.08 1992 5,512.39 1,215.06 28.28 1993 11,888.39 6,376.00 115.67 1994 8,191.04 −3,697.40 −31.10 1995 10,073.39 1,882.35 22.98 1996 13,451.45 3,378.06 33.53 1997 10,722.76 −2,728.69 −20.29 1998 10,048.58 −674.18 −6.29 1999 16,962.10 6,913.52 68.80 2000 15,095.53 −1,866.57 −11.00 2001 11,397.21 −3,698.32 −24.50 2002 9,321.29 −2,075.92 −18.21 2003 12,575.94 3,254.65 34.92 2004 14,230.14 1,654.20 13.15 2005 14,876.43 646.29 4.54 2006 19,964.72 5,088.29 34.20 2007 27,812.65 7,847.93 39.31 2008 14,387.48 −13,425.17 −48.27 2009 21,872.50 7,485.02 52.02 2010 23,035.45 1,162.95 5.32 2011 18,434.39 −4,601.06 −19.97 2012 22,656.92 4,222.53 22.91 2013 23,306.39 649.47 2.87 2014 23,605.04 298.65 1.28 2015 21,914.40 −1,690.64 −7.16 2016 22,000.56 86.16 0.39 2017 29,919.15 7,918.59 35.99 2018 25,845.70 −4,073.45 −13.61 2019 28,189.75 2,344.05 9.07 2020 27,231.13 −958.62 −3.40 2021 23,397.67 −3,833.46 −14.08 2022 19,781.41 −3,616.26 −15.46 2023 17,047.39 −2,734.02 −13.82 2024 20,059.95 3,012.56 17.67 Components[edit]On January 2, 1985, four sub-indices were established in order to make the index clearer and to classify constituent stocks into four distinct sectors. There are 82 HSI constituent stocks in total. As of February 2024 they are:[16]
Ticker Name Sub-index SEHK: 5 HSBC Holdings plc Finance SEHK: 11 Hang Seng Bank Ltd Finance SEHK: 388 HKEx Limited Finance SEHK: 939 China Construction Bank Finance SEHK: 1299 AIA Group Limited Finance SEHK: 1398 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Finance SEHK: 2318 Ping An Insurance Finance SEHK: 2388 BOC Hong Kong (Holdings) Ltd Finance SEHK: 2628 China Life Finance SEHK: 3968 China Merchants Bank Finance SEHK: 3988 Bank of China Ltd Finance SEHK: 2 CLP Holdings Limited Utilities SEHK: 3 Hong Kong and China Gas Company Limited Utilities SEHK: 6 Power Assets Holdings Limited Utilities SEHK: 836 China Resources Power Utilities SEHK: 1038 Cheung Kong Infrastructure Holdings Limited Utilities SEHK: 2688 ENN Energy Utilities SEHK: 12 Henderson Land Development Company Limited Properties SEHK: 16 Sun Hung Kai Properties Limited Properties SEHK: 17 New World Development Company Limited Properties SEHK: 101 Hang Lung Properties Limited Properties SEHK: 688 China Overseas Land & Investment Limited Properties SEHK: 823 Link REIT Properties SEHK: 960 Longfor Properties Properties SEHK: 1109 China Resources Land Limited Properties SEHK: 1113 CK Asset Holdings Properties SEHK: 1209 China Resources Mixc Lifestyle Properties SEHK: 1997 Wharf Real Estate Investment Company Limited Properties SEHK: 6098 Country Garden Properties SEHK: 1 CK Hutchison Holdings Limited Commerce & Industry SEHK: 27 Galaxy Entertainment Group Ltd. Commerce & Industry SEHK: 66 MTR Corporation Ltd Commerce & Industry SEHK: 175 Geely Auto Commerce & Industry SEHK: 241 Alibaba Health Commerce & Industry SEHK: 267 CITIC Limited Commerce & Industry SEHK: 288 WH Group Commerce & Industry SEHK: 291 China Resources Beer Commerce & Industry SEHK: 316 Orient Overseas (International) Limited Commerce & Industry SEHK: 322 Tingyi Commerce & Industry SEHK: 386 Sinopec Corp Commerce & Industry SEHK: 669 Techtronic Industries Commerce & Industry SEHK: 700 Tencent Holdings Limited Commerce & Industry SEHK: 762 China Unicom Commerce & Industry SEHK: 857 PetroChina Company Limited Commerce & Industry SEHK: 868 Xinyi Glass Commerce & Industry SEHK: 881 Zhongsheng Group Commerce & Industry SEHK: 883 CNOOC Limited Commerce & Industry SEHK: 941 China Mobile Ltd Commerce & Industry SEHK: 968 Xinyi Solar Commerce & Industry SEHK: 981 Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation Commerce & Industry SEHK: 992 Lenovo Commerce & Industry SEHK: 1044 Hengan International Group Co. Ltd Commerce & Industry SEHK: 1088 China Shenhua Energy Commerce & Industry SEHK: 1093 CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Commerce & Industry SEHK: 1099 Sinopharm Group Commerce & Industry SEHK: 1177 Sino Biopharm Commerce & Industry SEHK: 1211 BYD Company Commerce & Industry SEHK: 1378 China Hongqiao Group Commerce & Industry SEHK: 1810 Xiaomi Commerce & Industry SEHK: 1876 Budweiser Brewing Company APAC Commerce & Industry SEHK: 1928 Sands China Commerce & Industry SEHK: 1929 Chow Tai Fook Commerce & Industry SEHK: 2015 Li Auto Commerce & Industry SEHK: 2020 Anta Sports Commerce & Industry SEHK: 2269 WuXi Biologics Commerce & Industry SEHK: 2313 Shenzhou International Commerce & Industry SEHK: 2319 Mengniu Dairy Commerce & Industry SEHK: 2331 Li-Ning Commerce & Industry SEHK: 2359 WuXi AppTec Commerce & Industry SEHK: 2382 Sunny Optical Commerce & Industry SEHK: 2899 Zijin Mining Commerce & Industry SEHK: 3690 Meituan Commerce & Industry SEHK: 3692 Hansoh Pharmaceutical Group Commerce & Industry SEHK: 6618 JD Health Commerce & Industry SEHK: 6690 Haier Commerce & Industry SEHK: 6862 Haidilao Commerce & Industry SEHK: 9618 JD.com Commerce & Industry SEHK: 9633 Nongfu Spring Commerce & Industry SEHK: 9888 Baidu Commerce & Industry SEHK: 9961 Trip.com Group Commerce & Industry SEHK: 9988 Alibaba Group Commerce & Industry SEHK: 9999 NetEase Commerce & IndustryThe Hang Seng Composite Index Series (恒生綜合指數) was launched on October 3, 2001, targeting on providing a broad standard of the performance of the Hong Kong stock market. It was last revamped on March 8, 2010, and comprises 307 constituents (will become 306 from August 9, 2010[citation needed]). The market capitalisation of these companies accounts for about 95% of the total capitalisation of the stocks in Hong Kong.
To ensure the impartiality of its operation, Hang Seng Indexes Company Limited established an Independent Advisory Committee to give advice on issues pertaining to the indexes, including constituent changes and the development of new indexes.
Hang Seng Industry Classification System[edit]Hang Seng Industry Classification System (formerly called Hang Seng Stock Classification System) is a comprehensive system designed for the Hong Kong stock market by Hang Seng Indexes Company Limited. It reflects the stock performance in different sectors. It caters for the unique characteristics of the Hong Kong stock market and maintains the international compatibility with a mapping to international industry classification
General classification guidelines:
i) The sales revenue arising from each business area of a company is the primary parameter of stock classification. Profit or assets will also be taken into consideration where these better reflects the company's business.
ii) A company will be classified into different sectors according to its majority source of sales revenue(or profit or assets if relevant).
iii) Re-classification of a stock's Industry Sector will occur once the company's business has undergone a major change, such as, substantial merger or acquisition.
Industry sectors:
Energy (能源業) Material (源材料業) Industrial Goods (工業製品業) Consumer Goods (消費品製造業) Services (服務業) Telecommunications (電訊業) Utilities (公共事業) Financials (金融業) Properties & Construction (地產建築業) Information Technology (資訊科技業) Conglomerates (綜合企業)Source of information
The classification of each stock is based on the information ailable to the public, for example the annual reports and company announcements.
Selection criteria for the HSI constituent stocks[edit]HSI constituent stocks are selected with the use of extensive analysis, together with external consultation. To be qualified for selection, a company:
must be among those that comprise top 90% of the total market value of all ordinary shares; must be among those that comprise top 90% of the total turnover on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited "SEHK" (香港交易所); should he a listing history of 24 months or meet the requirements of the following Guidelines:Guidelines for Handling Large-cap Stocks Listed for Less than 24 Months
For a newly listed large-cap stock, the minimum listing time required for inclusion in the stock universe for the HSI review is as follows:
Average MV Rank at Time of Review Minimum Listing History Top 5 3 Months 6–15 6 Months 16–20 12 Months 21–25 18 Months Below 25 24 MonthsAmong the eligible candidates, final selections are based on their:
market capitalisation and turnover rankings; representation of the respective sub-sectors within HSI; and financial performance. Calculation formula for HSI[edit]The current Hang Seng Index is calculated from this formula:
Current~Index = ∑ [ P(t) × IS × FAF × CF ] ∑ [ P(t-1) × IS × FAF × CF ] × Yesterday's~Closing~Index . {\displaystyle {\textrm {Current~Index}}={\frac {\sum {\textrm {[}}{\textrm {P(t)}}\times {\textrm {IS}}\times {\textrm {FAF}}\times {\textrm {CF}}{\textrm {]}}}{\sum {\textrm {[}}{\textrm {P(t-1)}}\times {\textrm {IS}}\times {\textrm {FAF}}\times {\textrm {CF}}{\textrm {]}}}}\times {\textrm {Yesterday's~Closing~Index}}.}
![{\displaystyle {\textrm {Current~Index}}={\frac {\sum {\textrm {[}}{\textrm {P(t)}}\times {\textrm {IS}}\times {\textrm {FAF}}\times {\textrm {CF}}{\textrm {]}}}{\sum {\textrm {[}}{\textrm {P(t-1)}}\times {\textrm {IS}}\times {\textrm {FAF}}\times {\textrm {CF}}{\textrm {]}}}}\times {\textrm {Yesterday's~Closing~Index}}.}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1ff318e0832a22434e2a950ae3561dae8b3ac2c4)
Descriptions on parameters:
P(t): Current Price at Day t P(t-1): Closing Price at Day (t-1) IS: Issued Shares (Only H-share portion is taken into calculation in case of H-share constituents.) FAF: Freefloat-adjusted Factor, which is between 0 and 1, adjusted quarterly CF: Cap Factor, which is between 0 and 1, adjusted quarterly Daily reports for HSI[edit]Investors in Asian markets monitor the following reports for investment activities:
Hang Seng Indexes Daily Bulletin Hang Seng Index (HSI) Constituent Stocks Performance Index Performance Summary Total Return Index Series Daily Bulletin Representativeness of the HSI[edit]The representativeness of the HSI can be studied by the turnover of the whole stock market and by how much its market capitalisation covers. The aggregate market value of the HSI constituent stocks is maintained at approximately 60% of the total market value. This coverage ratio compares forably with major overseas stock indices.
Other related Hang Seng stock indexes[edit] Hang Seng China Enterprises Index (恒生中國企業指數) Hang Seng China-Affiliated Corporations Index (恒生香港中資企業指數) Hang Seng China H-Financials Index (恒生中國H股金融行業指數) Hang Seng Mainland 100 (恒生中國內地100) Hang Seng Mainland 25 (恒生中國內地25) Hang Seng HK 35 (恒生香港35) Hang Seng REIT Index (恒生房地產基金指數) Hang Seng Corporate Sustainability Index Series (恒生可持續發展企業指數系列) Hang Seng Composite Index (恒生綜合指數系列) Hang Seng Composite Industry Indexes (恒生綜合行業指數) Hang Seng Composite Size Indexes (恒生綜合市值指數) Hang Seng Short & Leveraged Index Series (恒生短倉及槓桿指數系列) Hang Seng China A Industry Top Index (恒生A股行業龍頭指數) Hang Seng China 50 Index (恒生神州50指數) Hang Seng China AH Premium Index (恒生AH股溢價指數) Hang Seng China AH Index Series (恒生AH指數系列) Hang Seng Total Return Index Series (恒生股息累計指數系列) Hang Seng Dividend Point Index Series (股息點指數系列) Hang Seng Global Composite Index Hang Seng Tech Index [zh] (恆生科技指數) See also[edit]
Hong Kong portal
Economy portal
Dow Jones Industrial Average
Nikkei 225
SSE Composite Index
SZSE Component Index
FTSE China A50 Index
References[edit]
^ "HANG SENG INDEXES CELEBRATES 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF HANG SENG INDEX BASE DATE" (PDF). Hang Seng Indexes Company Limited. 16 September 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
^ "AHSI and its Total Return Index" (PDF). August 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-09-21.
^ "A new chapter for the Hang Seng Index". SCMP. 7 August 2014. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
^ a b Kwan, Stanley S. K. (2009). The Dragon and the Crown. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 101–131. ISBN 9789622099555.
^ a b "Stanley Kwan, Hang Seng Index Creator, Dies at 86". The New York Times. 2012-01-10.
^ "About us | TraHK". Hang Seng Investment Management Limited. Retrieved 17 August 2025.
^ "CSOP Hang Seng Index ETF". CSOP Asset Management. Retrieved 17 August 2025.
^ "iShares Core Hang Seng Index ETF | 3115". BlackRock. Retrieved 17 August 2025.
^ "CSOP Hang Seng Index Daily (-1x) Inverse Product". CSOP Asset Management. Retrieved 17 August 2025.
^ "CSOP Hang Seng Index Daily (2x) Leveraged Product". CSOP Asset Management. Retrieved 17 August 2025.
^ "CSOP Hang Seng Index Daily (-2x) Inverse Product". CSOP Asset Management. Retrieved 17 August 2025.
^ "Historical Hang Seng Index Intraday Data (HSI)". PortaraCQG. Retrieved 2022-09-14.
^ "HKEX". www.hkex.com.hk.
^ Nishizawa, Kana; Haigh, Adam (August 21, 2015). "Hong Kong Stocks Enter Bear Market After Falling From April Peak". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved August 23, 2015.
^ "HANG SENG INDEX (^HSI) Historical Data - Yahoo Finance". finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2020-01-21.
^ Hang Seng Index 2018-09-23
External links[edit]
Official website (in English and Chinese)
Bloomberg page for HSI:IND
Hang Seng Index — on Hargrees Lansdown
Reuters page for .HSI
vte Constituents of Hang Seng IndexFinance
HSBC
Hang Seng Bank
Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing
China Construction Bank
AIA Group
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
Ping An Insurance
Bank of China (Hong Kong)
China Life Insurance Company
China Merchants Bank
Bank of China
Utilities
CLP Group
The Hong Kong and China Gas Company
Power Assets Holdings
China Resources Power
CK Infrastructure Holdings
ENN Energy
Properties
Henderson Land Development
Sun Hung Kai Properties
New World Development
Hang Lung Properties
China Overseas Land and Investment
Link REIT
Longfor Properties
China Resources Land
CK Asset Holdings
China Resources Mixc Lifestyle
Wharf Real Estate Investment Company
Country Garden
CommerceandIndustry
CK Hutchison Holdings
Galaxy Entertainment Group
MTR Corporation
Geely Auto
Alibaba Health
CITIC Limited
WH Group
China Resources Beer
Orient Overseas (International) Limited
Tingyi
Sinopec
Techtronic Industries
Tencent
China Unicom
PetroChina
Xinyi Glass
Zhongsheng Group
CNOOC Limited
China Mobile
Xinyi Solar
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation
Lenovo
Hengan International
China Shenhua Energy
CSPC Pharmaceutical Group
Sinopharm Group
Sino Biopharmaceutical Limited
BYD Company
China Hongqiao Group
Xiaomi
Budweiser Brewing Company APAC
Sands China
Chow Tai Fook
Li Auto
Anta Sports
WuXi Biologics
Shenzhou International
Mengniu Dairy
Li-Ning
WuXi AppTec
Sunny Optical
Zijin Mining
Meituan
Hansoh Pharmaceutical
JD Health
Haier
Haidilao
JD.com
Nongfu Spring
Baidu
Trip.com Group
Alibaba Group
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