Kaggle is a data science competition platform and online community for data scientists and machine learning practitioners under Google LLC. Kaggle enables users to find and publish datasets, explore and build models in a web-based data science environment, work with other data scientists and machine learning engineers, and enter competitions to solve data science challenges.[1]
History[edit]Kaggle was founded by Anthony Goldbloom in April 2010.[2] Jeremy Howard, one of the first Kaggle users, joined in November 2010 and served as the President and Chief Scientist.[3] Also on the team was Nicholas Gruen serving as the founding chair.[4] In 2011, the company raised $12.5 million and Max Levchin became the chairman.[5] On March 8, 2017, Fei-Fei Li, Chief Scientist at Google, announced that Google was acquiring Kaggle.[6]
In June 2017, Kaggle surpassed 1 million registered users, and as of October 2023, it has over 15 million users in 194 countries.[7][8][9]
In 2022, founders Goldbloom and Hamner stepped down from their positions and D. Sculley became the CEO.[10]
In February 2023, Kaggle introduced Models, allowing users to discover and use pre-trained models through deep integrations with the rest of Kaggle’s platform.[11]
In April 2025, Kaggle partnered with Wikimedia Foundation.[12]
Site overview[edit] Competitions[edit] See also: Competitive programmingMany machine-learning competitions he been run on Kaggle since the company was founded. Notable competitions include gesture recognition for Microsoft Kinect,[13] making a football AI for Manchester City, coding a trading algorithm for Two Sigma Investments,[14] and improving the search for the Higgs boson at CERN.[15]
The competition host prepares the data and a description of the problem; the host may choose whether it's going to be rewarded with money or be unpaid. Participants experiment with different techniques and compete against each other to produce the best models. Work is shared publicly through Kaggle Kernels to achieve a better benchmark and to inspire new ideas. Submissions can be made through Kaggle Kernels, via manual upload or using the Kaggle API. For most competitions, submissions are scored immediately (based on their predictive accuracy relative to a hidden solution file) and summarized on a live leaderboard. After the deadline passes, the competition host pays the prize money in exchange for "a worldwide, perpetual, irrevocable and royalty-free license [...] to use the winning Entry", i.e. the algorithm, software and related intellectual property developed, which is "non-exclusive unless otherwise specified".[16]
Alongside its public competitions, Kaggle also offers private competitions, which are limited to Kaggle's top participants. Kaggle offers a free tool for data science teachers to run academic machine-learning competitions.[17] Kaggle also hosts recruiting competitions in which data scientists compete for a chance to interview at leading data science companies like Facebook, Winton Capital, and Walmart.
Kaggle's competitions he resulted in successful projects such as furthering HIV research,[18] chess ratings[19] and traffic forecasting.[20] Geoffrey Hinton and George Dahl used deep neural networks to win a competition hosted by Merck.[citation needed] Vlad Mnih (one of Hinton's students) used deep neural networks to win a competition hosted by Adzuna.[citation needed] This resulted in the technique being taken up by others in the Kaggle community. Tianqi Chen from the University of Washington also used Kaggle to show the power of XGBoost, which has since replaced Random Forest as one of the main methods used to win Kaggle competitions.[citation needed]
Several academic papers he been published based on findings from Kaggle competitions.[21] A contributor to this is the live leaderboard, which encourages participants to continue innovating beyond existing best practices.[22] The winning methods are frequently written on the Kaggle Winner's Blog.
Progression system[edit]Kaggle has implemented a progression system to recognize and reward users based on their contributions and achievements within the platform. This system consists of five tiers: Novice, Contributor, Expert, Master, and Grandmaster. Each tier is achieved by meeting specific criteria in competitions, datasets, kernels (code-sharing), and discussions.[23]
The highest tier, Kaggle Grandmaster, is awarded to users who he ranked at the top of multiple competitions including high ranking in a solo team. As of April 2, 2025, out of 23.29 million Kaggle accounts, 2,973 he achieved Kaggle Master status and 612 he achieved Kaggle Grandmaster status.[24]
Kaggle Notebooks[edit] Kaggle Notebooks screenshotKaggle includes a free, browser-based online integrated development environment, called Kaggle Notebooks, designed for data science and machine learning. Users can write and execute code in Python or R, import datasets, use popular libraries, and train models on CPUs, GPUs, or TPUs directly in the cloud. This environment is often used for competition submissions, tutorials, education, and exploratory data analysis.[25][26]
See also[edit] Competitive programming Data science competition platform Anthony Goldbloom Hugging Face Google Colab References[edit] ^ "A Beginner's Guide to Kaggle for Data Science". MUO. 2023-04-17. Retrieved 2023-06-10. ^ Lardinois, Frederic; Mannes, John; Lynley, Matthew (March 8, 2017). "Google is acquiring data science community Kaggle". Techcrunch. Archived from the original on March 8, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017. ^ "The exabyte revolution: how Kaggle is turning data scientists into rock stars". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-30. ^ Mulcaster, Glenn (4 November 2011). "Local minnow the toast of Silicon Valley". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. ^ Lichaa, Zachary. "Max Levchin Becomes Chairman Of Kaggle, A Startup That Helps NASA Solve Impossible Problems". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. ^ "Welcome Kaggle to Google Cloud". Google Cloud Platform Blog. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 2018-08-19. ^ "Unique Kaggle Users". ^ Markoff, John (24 November 2012). "Scientists See Advances in Deep Learning, a Part of Artificial Intelligence". The New York Times. Retrieved 2018-08-19. ^ "We've passed 1 million members". Kaggle Winner's Blog. 2017-06-06. Retrieved 2018-08-19. ^ Wali, Kartik (2022-06-08). "Kaggle gets new CEO, founders quit after a decade". Analytics India Magazine. Retrieved 2023-06-10. ^ "[Product Launch] Introducing Kaggle Models | Data Science and Machine Learning". ^ "Kaggle and the Wikimedia Foundation are partnering on open data". The Keyword. 2025-04-16. Archived from the original on 2025-04-16. Retrieved 2025-04-16. ^ Byrne, Ciara (December 12, 2011). "Kaggle launches competition to help Microsoft Kinect learn new gestures". VentureBeat. Retrieved 13 December 2011. ^ Wigglesworth, Robin (March 8, 2017). "Hedge funds adopt novel methods to hunt down new tech talent". The Financial Times. United Kingdom. Retrieved October 29, 2017. ^ "The machine learning community takes on the Higgs". Symmetry Magazine. July 15, 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2015. ^ Kaggle. "Terms and Conditions - Kaggle". ^ Kaggle. "Kaggle in Class". Archived from the original on 2011-06-16. Retrieved 2011-08-12. ^ Carpenter, Jennifer (February 2011). "May the Best Analyst Win". Science Magazine. Vol. 331, no. 6018. pp. 698–699. doi:10.1126/science.331.6018.698. Retrieved 1 April 2011. ^ Sonas, Jeff (20 February 2011). "The Deloitte/FIDE Chess Rating Challenge". Chessbase. Retrieved 3 May 2011. ^ Foo, Fran (April 6, 2011). "Smartphones to predict NSW trel times?". The Australian. Retrieved 3 May 2011. ^ "NIPS 2014 Workshop on High-energy Physics and Machine Learning". JMLR W&CP. Vol. 42. Archived from the original on 2016-05-14. Retrieved 2015-09-01. ^ Athanasopoulos, George; Hyndman, Rob (2011). "The Value of Feedback in Forecasting Competitions" (PDF). International Journal of Forecasting. Vol. 27. pp. 845–849. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-16. Retrieved 2022-03-04. ^ "Kaggle Progression System". Kaggle. Retrieved 2023-04-03. ^ Carl McBride Ellis (2025-04-02). "Kaggle in Numbers". Kaggle. ^ "CSE 40657/60657: Natural Language Processing". ^ "Underrated Kaggle notebooks every data science enthusiast must know | AIM". 25 February 2022. Further reading[edit] "Competition shines light on dark matter", Office of Science and Technology Policy, Whitehouse website, June 2011 "May the best algorithm win...", The Wall Street Journal, March 2011 "Kaggle contest aims to boost Wikipedia editors", New Scientist, July 2011 Archived 2016-03-22 at the Wayback Machine "Verification of systems biology research in the age of collaborative competition", Nature Nanotechnology, September 2011 vteGooglea subsidiary of AlphabetCompanyDivisions AI Area 120 ATAP Brain China Cloud Platform Energy Google.org Crisis Response Health Registry SubsidiariesActive DeepMind Fitbit ITA Software Jigsaw Looker Mandiant Security Operations Owlchemy Labs Defunct Actifio Adscape Akwan Information Technologies Anvato Apigee BandPage Bitium BufferBox Crashlytics Dodgeball DoubleClick Dropcam Endoxon Flutter Global IP Solutions Green Throttle Games GreenBorder Gridcentric ImageAmerica Impermium Invite Media Kaltix Marratech Meebo Metaweb Neotonic Software Neverware Nik Software Orbitera Pyra Labs Quest Visual Reqwireless RightsFlow Sidewalk Labs SlickLogin Titan Aerospace Typhoon Studios Urban Engines Vicarious Viewdle Wii Wildfire Interactive YouTube Next Lab and Audience Development Group Programs Business Groups Computing University Initiative Contact Lens Content ID CrossCheck Data Liberation Front Data Transfer Project Developer Expert DigiKach DigiPivot Digital Garage Digital News Initiative Digital Unlocked Dragonfly Founders' Award Free Zone Get Your Business Online Google for Education Google for Startups Living Stories Made with Code News Lab PowerMeter Privacy Sandbox Project Nightingale Project Nimbus Project Sunroof Project Zero Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab RechargeIT Sensorvault Silicon Initiative Solve for X Street View Trusted Student Ambassador Program Vevo YouTube BrandConnect YouTube Creator Awards YouTube Select YouTube Original Channel Initiative Year in Search YouTube Rewind 2018 2019 Events AlphaGo versus Fan Hui AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol AlphaGo versus Ke Jie Android Developer Challenge Android Developer Day Android Developer Lab CNN/YouTube presidential debates Code-in Code Jam Developer Day Developers Live Doodle4Google Future of Go Summit G-Day Hash Code I/O Lunar X Prize Mapathon Science Fair Summer of Code World Chess Championship 2024 YouTube Awards YouTube Comedy Week YouTube Live YouTube Music Awards 2013 2015 YouTube Space Lab YouTube Symphony Orchestra Infrastructure 111 Eighth Avenue Android lawn statues Androidland Barges Binoculars Building Central Saint Giles Chelsea Market Chrome Zone Data centers GeoEye-1 Googleplex Ivanpah Solar Power Facility James R. 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