The global contribution to world's GDP by major economies from 1 AD to 2008 AD according to Angus Maddison's estimates[1]
This historical list of the ten largest countries by GDP compiled by British economist Angus Maddison shows how much the membership and rankings of the world's ten largest economies has changed.
Ten largest economies by GDP (PPP)[edit]The following estimates are taken mainly from the 2007 monograph Contours of the World Economy, 1–2030 AD by the British economist Angus Maddison.[2] (GDP (PPP) in millions of 1990 International Dollars)[3][4][5][a] Year 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 2030 (forecast) China22,983,000 United States16,662,000 India10,074,000 Japan3,488,000 Indonesia2,406,000 Russia2,171,000 Germany2,150,000 Brazil2,017,000 Mexico1,973,000 United Kingdom1,853,000 2003 United States8,430,762 China6,187,984 Japan2,699,261 India2,267,136 Germany1,577,423 France1,315,601 United Kingdom1,280,625 Italy1,110,691 Brazil1,013,000 Russia914,000 1990[6] United States5,803,200 Japan2,321,153 China2,109,400 Soviet Union1,987,955[b] West Germany1,182,261[c] India1,098,100 France1,026,491 United Kingdom944,610 Italy925,654 Brazil743,765 1973 United States3,536,622 Soviet Union1,513,070[d] Japan1,242,932 West Germany814,796[e] China739,414 France683,965 United Kingdom675,941 Italy582,713 India494,832 Brazil401,643 1950 United States1,455,916 Soviet Union510,243 United Kingdom347,850 China244,985 India222,222[f] France220,492 West Germany213,942[g] Italy164,957 Japan160,966 Canada102,164 1913 United States517,383 China241,341 German Empire237,332[h] Russian Empire232,351 United Kingdom224,618[i] India204,242[j] France144,489[k] Italy95,487[l] Japan71,653[m] Spain41,653[n] 1870 China189,470 India134,882[o] United Kingdom100,180[p] United States98,374 Russian Empire83,646 German Empire72,149[q] France72,100[r] Italy41,814 Japan25,393[s] Spain19,556[t] 1820 China228,600 India111,417[u] Russian Empire37,678 United Kingdom36,232[v] France35,468 German Confederation26,819[w] Italy22,535[x] Japan20,739[y] United States12,548 Spain12,299[z] Notes[edit] ^ These GDP (PPP) estimates are mostly based on the present territorial boundaries, with the exception of France, Germany, India, Russia/Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom at specified periods. ^ The Russian Soviet Socialist Republic represented 1,151,040 million in GDP (PPP) of the total figure of the Soviet Union.[7] ^ West Germany (1990 frontiers)[8] ^ The Russian Soviet Socialist Republic represented 872,466 million in GDP (PPP) of the total figure of the Soviet Union.[7] ^ West Germany (1990 frontiers)[8] ^ GDP (PPP) figures for India after Partition, which decreased GDP from 258,164 million at the end of 1946 to 213,680 million at the end of 1947.[9] ^ West Germany (1990 frontiers)[8] ^ Based on 1913 frontiers but excluding Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine.[8] ^ Excludes 11,891 million in GDP (PPP) of territories that would become part of the Republic of Ireland.[10] ^ GDP (PPP) figures for Undivided India.[11] ^ This figure excludes the impact of the loss of Alsace-Lorraine between 1871-1918.[12] ^ Austria-Hungary had a larger GDP (PPP) of 100,515, see note on Spain in 1913. ^ Austria-Hungary had a larger GDP (PPP) of 100,515, see note on Spain in 1913. ^ Spain is included based on the overall tables in Angus Maddison,[2] which does not refer to Austria-Hungary. In 1913, however, the Cisleithania portion of Austria-Hungary alone had a GDP (PPP) of 62,638 million.[13] According to Max Stephan Schulze, Austria-Hungary had a GDP (PPP) of 100,515 million in 1913 when compared to Russia (254,448 million), Germany (237,332 million), United Kingdom (224,618 million), France (144,489 million) and Italy (95,487 million).[14] Schulze's figures correspond to Angus Maddison, with the notable exception of the Russian Empire, whose GDP (PPP) is estimated to be approximately 9 per cent larger. ^ GDP (PPP) figures for Undivided India.[11] ^ Excludes 9,619 million in GDP (PPP) of territories that would become part of the Republic of Ireland.[10] ^ Based on 1913 frontiers but excluding Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, Germany had taken Alsace-Lorraine from France. At the time, this annexation had increased both its population and GDP by four per cent.[8] ^ This figure excludes the impact of the loss of Alsace-Lorraine between 1871-1918 and the impact of the acquisition of territory in 1861 from Italy in the Soie and Nice.[12] ^ Austria-Hungary had a larger GDP (PPP) in 1870, based on Cisleithania's estimated GDP (PPP) of 25,003 million[13] and also the estimated GDP (PPP) of just the territory of modern Hungary in 1870 at 6,459 million.[15] ^ Spain is included based on the overall tables in Angus Maddison,[2] which does not refer to Austria-Hungary. In 1870, the Cisleithania portion of Austria-Hungary alone had a GDP (PPP) of 25,003 million.[13] ^ GDP (PPP) figures for Undivided India.[11] ^ Excludes 6,231 million in GDP (PPP) of territories that would become part of the Republic of Ireland.[10] ^ Anachronistic figures based on the 1913 frontiers of the German Empire but excluding Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine. This figure includes contributions made by parts of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Prussian-led German Empire that were never included in the German Confederation between 1815 and 1866, while excluding contributions that would he been made by parts of the Austrian Empire included within the German Confederation between 1815 and 1866, namely, modern Austria and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown.[8] In 1820, the territory of modern Austria constituted 4,104 million in GDP (PPP), while former Czechoslovakia constituted 7,657 million in GDP (PPP). However, this retrospective figure for Czechoslovakia includes contributions by territories of modern Slovakia, much of which was then a constituent part of the Kingdom of Hungary within the Austrian Empire and excluded from the German Confederation.[16] ^ Italy was not unified as a country until 1861, this GDP (PPP) figure and follwing figures for Italy represents the combined output of the regions comprising the modern country of Italy since 1946, which in 1820 were ruled by various Italian and non-Italian polities. ^ This GDP (PPP) figure and further figures for Japan is based on territories comprising the modern country of Japan since 1947. ^ Spain is included based on the overall tables in Angus Maddison,[2] which does not refer to the Austrian Empire that potentially could he had a larger GDP (PPP) in 1820. The territories of modern Austria and former Czechoslovakia constituted 4,104 million and 6,501 million GDP (PPP) within the Austrian Empire, and these two figures do not take into account the rest of the Kingdom of Hungary and other constituents of the Austrian Empire.[16] References[edit] ^ Data table in Maddison A (2007), Contours of the World Economy I-2030AD, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0199227204 ^ a b c d Maddison 2007, p. 379, table A.4. ^ "National Accounts - Analysis of Main Aggregates (AMA)". unstats.un.org. ^ "World Bank Open Data". World Bank Open Data. ^ "IMF historical nominal GDP Data (April 2011)". ^ Maddison, A. (2006). The World Economy. France: OECD. p. 178, table A-d; p. 184, table A1-b; p. 194, table A2-b; p. 214, table A3-b. ^ a b Maddison, A. (2006). The World Economy. France: OECD. p. 184, table A1-b. ^ a b c d e f Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. pp. 27-28, table 1-2. ^ Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. p. 172, table 5b. ^ a b c Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. p. 32, table 1-3. ^ a b c Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. p. 170, table 5b. ^ a b Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. pp. 27. ^ a b c Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. p. 26, table 1-1. ^ Schulze, Max-Stephan (2005). "Austria-Hungary's economy in World War I" (PDF). In Broadberry, Stephen; Harrison, Mark (eds.). The Economics of World War I. Cambridge University Press. p. 95. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511497339.002. ISBN 978-0-5218-5212-8. S2CID 16455027. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2018. ^ Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. p. 8, table 3b. ^ a b Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. p. 46, table 1b and p. 98, table 3b. vteLists of countries by GDP rankingsNominal GDP (nominal) Past and projected Sector composition Purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP (PPP) Past Past and projected Ten largest historically Per capita nominal GDP Past and projected GDP (PPP) by region past and projected Per person employed Household final consumption expenditure Economic growth real GDP growth rate African countries Asian states European Union member states European countries Latin American and Caribbean countries Oceanian countries Per capita growth 1980–2010 growth Industrial growth Productivity Labour productivity Gross national income (GNI) PPP per capita Nominal per capita Real income Per capita growth Disposable income Countries by region Africa PPP nominal Commonwealth of Nations PPP nominal Latin America & Caribbean PPP nominal North America PPP nominal nominal per capita South America PPP Arab League nominal and per capita PPP and per capita ASEAN subdivision Asia Asia & Pacific nominal PPP Former Soviet Republics Europe PPP PPP per capita nominal nominal per capita Oceania GDP Subnational divisions Albania Argentina Armenia Australia cities Austria Baltic States Belarus Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada cities Chile per capita China per capita cities prefectures Colombia Croatia Czechia Egypt Finland France per capita Georgia Germany per capita cities Greece Hungary India PPP per capita Indonesia per capita cities regencies Italy nominal per capita Japan per capita Kazakhstan Kenya Malaysia Mexico per capita Moldova Mongolia Netherlands Nigeria Nepal New Zealand Norway Pakistan Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russia per capita Saudi Arabia Serbia Slovakia South Africa South Korea cities Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom counties cities United States counties cities Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Turkey Vietnam EU cities OECD
*Top country subdivisions by GDP *Top country subdivisions by GDP per capita *Top country metropolitan by GDP
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