From Middle English reden, from Old English rǣdan (“to counsel, advise, consult; interpret, read”), from Proto-West Germanic *rādan, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“advise, counsel”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”).
Cognate with Scots rede, red (“to advise, counsel, decipher, read”), Saterland Frisian räide (“to advise, counsel”), West Frisian riede (“to advise, counsel”), Dutch raden (“to advise; guess”), German raten (“to advise; guess”), Danish råde (“to advise”), Swedish råda (“to advise, counsel”), Persian رده (rade, “to order, to arrange, class”). In West Germanic the verb had a sense “interpret”, which developed further into “interpret letters” in English and “interpret by intuition, guess” on the continent. Compare rede.
Pronunciation[edit] (UK, Canada) enPR: rēd, IPA(key): /ɹiːd/ (General American) IPA(key): /ɹid/ (Early Modern) IPA(key): /rɛːd/, /riːd/[1] Audio (UK):(file) Audio (US):(file) Rhymes: -iːd Homophones: reed, rede Verb[edit]read (third-person singular simple present reads, present participle reading, simple past read, past participle read or (archaic, dialectal) readen)
A painting of a girl reading. (transitive or intransitive) To look at and interpret letters or other information that is written. Synonyms: interpret, make out, make sense of, understand, scan He you read this book? He doesn’t like to read. (ergative, of text) To be understood or physically read in a specific way. Arabic reads right to left. That sentence reads strangely. (transitive, metonymic) To read a work or works written by the named author. At the moment I'm reading Milton. 1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond[2]:During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […] 1982, Robert M. Evenson, “"Liberated" Woman"”, in The Cincinnati Enquirer:She reads Playgirl magazine, goes to a male-strip joint and then complains about sexual harassment on the job. 1983, James C. H. Shen, “A Round of Calls”, in Robert Myers, editor, The U.S. & Free China: How the U.S. Sold Out Its Ally[3], Washington, D.C.: Acropolis Books Ltd., →ISBN, page 112:On this occasion he was carrying in his right hand a copy of the English-language China News, an odd touch because the President did not read English. (transitive or intransitive) To speak aloud words or other information that is written. (often construed with a to phrase or an indirect object) Synonyms: read aloud, read out, read out loud, speak He read us a passage from his new book. All right, class, who wants to read next? 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:In the old days, to my commonplace and unobserving mind, he ge no evidences of genius whatsoever. He never read me any of his manuscripts, […] and therefore my lack of detection of his promise may in some degree be pardoned. 1921, Ben Trers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement. […] (transitive) To interpret, or infer a meaning, significance, thought, intention, etc., from. She read my mind and promptly rose to get me a glass of water. I can read his feelings in his face. To consist of certain text. Synonyms: say, run On the door hung a sign that read "No admittance". (ergative) To substitute a corrected piece of text in place of an erroneous one; used to introduce an emendation of a text. Synonym: sic pro 1832, John Lemprière et al., Bibliotheca classica, Seventh Edition, W. E. Dean, page 263: In Livy, it is nearly certain that for Pylleon we should read Pteleon, as this place is mentioned in connection with Antron. 2001, Astronomy & Astrophysics, volume 376, issue 3, p. 1039: The sign of coefficient a(3) in the general formula of Table 2 should be plus instead of minus. Thus, the formula should read […] (by extension, ironic or humorous, usually imperative) Used to introduce a blunter, actually intended meaning. Our school focuses primarily on the liberal arts (read "useless degrees"). 2009, Suzee Vlk et al., The GRE Test for Dummies, 6th edition, Wiley Publishing, →ISBN, page 191:Eliminate illogical (read: stupid) answer choices. 2010 December 23, Tamara Weston, “From Tickle Me Elmo to Squinkies: Top 10 Toy Crazes”, in Time[4]:Parents, meanwhile, deplored [Bratz dolls] as far too adult (read: slutty) for kids, accusing the doe-eyed, pouty-lipped toys of fostering unhealthy body images among young girls. 2023 May 12, Lia Mappoura, “I tried Glossier's brand new G Suit lip crèmes so you don't he to – you're welcome”, in Cosmopolitan[5]:I also did a long-wear test, as y'do and after scoffing my face with some food (read: I am feral when it comes to a midday snack, so what), the striking colour that I was wearing, named 'Jet', had stayed put. Pigment, check ✅. (transitive, telecommunications) To be able to hear what another person is saying over a radio connection. Synonyms: copy, hear, receive Do you read me? 1968, Stanley Kubrick, Arthur C. Clarke, 2001: A Space Odyssey, spoken by De Bowman (Keir Dullea):Hello, HAL. Do you read me, HAL? (transitive, rail transport) To observe and comprehend (a displayed signal). A repeater signal may be used where the track geometry makes the main signal difficult to read from a distance. (transitive, Commonwealth, except Scotland) To study (a subject) at a high level, especially at university. Synonyms: learn, study I am reading theology at university. 1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 94:Crabbe wanted him to go to England, to read for a degree there. (computing, transitive) To fetch data from (a storage medium, etc.). to read a hard disk to read a port to read the keyboard (transitive, LGBTQ) To recognise (someone) as being transgender. Synonym: clock Every time I go outside, I worry that someone will read me. (at first especially in the black LGBTQ community) To call attention to the flaws of (someone) in a playful, taunting, or insulting way. 1976 August 7, Tommi Avicolli, “The Politics of Camp”, in Gay Community News, page 9:I've seen drags "read" an unattractive transsexual until she was almost in tears. 1997, Framing Culture: Africanism, Sexuality and Performance, page 186 (also discussing Paris is Burning): Snapping, we are told, comes from reading, or exposing hidden flaws in a person's life, and out of reading comes shade […] 2003, Philip Auslander, Performance: Media and technology, page 179:CB [a black gay person being quoted]: "So, one time I read him and we were standing downstairs at the front desk in the dorm and I read him and there was this little bell […] ." In the first example, the interviewee [CB] used snapping to read his white friend in a playful way, […] . 2013, Queer Looks, page 114 (discussing Paris is Burning and "the ball world"): [One] assumes that such language contests are racially motivated—black folks talking back to white folks. However, the ball world makes it clear that blacks can read each other too. (go) To imagine sequences of potential moves and responses without actually placing stones. (obsolete) To think, believe; to consider (that). 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:But now, faire Ladie, comfort to you make, / And read […] / That short reuenge the man may ouertake […] (obsolete) To advise; to counsel. See rede. 1528 October 12 (Gregorian calendar), William Tyndale, “The .IIIJ. Senses of yͤ Scripture”, in The Obediẽce of a Christen Man […], [Antwerp]: [Johannes Hoochstraten], →OCLC, folio cxlvi, verso:[T]herfore / I red the [thee] / gete the [thee] to Gods vvorde ãd [and] therby trye all doctrine and agenſt that recee nothinge. 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 6:This is the wandring wood, this Errours den, / A monster vile, whom God and man does hate: / Therefore I read beware. (obsolete) To tell; to declare; to recite. 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:But read how art thou named, and of what kin. Usage notes[edit] Unlike the much less common sic pro which is set off in square brackets, admonitions for the reader to emend a quote to read a separate meaning are typically put within parentheses. The past tense and participle are pronounced /ɹɛd/. Conjugation[edit] Conjugation of read infinitive (to) read present tense past tense 1st-person singular read read, redd† 2nd-person singular read, readest† read, redd†, readst† 3rd-person singular reads, readeth† read, redd† plural read subjunctive read read, redd† imperative read — participles reading read, readen†† Archaic or obsolete.
Derived terms[edit] arreadbereadbeta-readbook-readcold readdictated but not readhalf-readhate-readhe one's head readlee someone on readlip read/lip-readmind-readmisreadmust-readoverreadreadableread acrossread alongread-alongread-aloudread-around ratioread between the linesread datingread 'em and weepreaderread-eval-print loopread forread for filthread for pressread-inread inreadingread intoread like a bookread like an open bookread lipsread meread-me fileread mindsread my lipsread offread oneself inread-onlyread-only accessread-only memoryread outread overread receiptread someone for filthread someone like a bookread someone's beadsread someone's lipsread someone's mindread someone the riot actread someone to filthread the greenread the mailread the roomread the tableread throughread-throughread upread up onread-writeRTFMsensitivity readsight readsight-readspeedreadtake something as readteach to read and writetoo long; didn't readunderreadunreadwell-readworld-readWORM/write once, read many Translations[edit] to look at and interpret letters or other information Afrikaans: lees (af) Ahom: 𑜒𑜃𑜫 (ʼan) Albanian: lexoj (sq), zgledh Aleut: hilal Amharic: ማንበብ (manbäb) Arabic: قَرَأَ (ar) (qaraʔa) Gulf Arabic: قرا (gira) Hijazi Arabic: قَرَا (gara), قِري (giri) Aragonese: leyer Armenian: կարդալ (hy) (kardal), ընթերցել (hy) (əntʻercʻel) Aromanian: ghivãsescu, yivãsescu, dyivãsescu Assamese: পঢ় (porh) Asturian: lleer (ast) Azerbaijani: oxumaq (az) Bashkir: уҡыу (uqıw) Basque: irakurri, leitu Barian: lesn Belarusian: чыта́ць impf (čytácʹ), прачыта́ць pf (pračytácʹ) Bengali: পড়া (bn) (poṛa) Bhojpuri: पढ़ल (paṛhal) Breton: lenn (br) Bulgarian: чета́ (bg) impf (četá), прочета́ pf (pročetá) Burmese: ဖတ် (my) (hpat), စာဖတ် (my) (cahpat) Catalan: llegir (ca) Central Atlas Tamazight: ɣer Central Dusun: basa Chechen: деша (deša) Cherokee: ᎠᎪᎵᏰᎠ (agoliyea) Cheyenne: -hoéstá Chinese: Cantonese: 讀 / 读 (duk6) Dungan: нян (ni͡an), кан (kan), дў (dw) Eastern Min: 讀 / 读 Gan: 讀 / 读 (tuh7) Hakka: 讀 / 读 (thu̍k) Hokkien: 讀 / 读 (zh-min-nan) (tha̍k) Jin: 讀 / 读 (dueh5) Mandarin: 讀 / 读 (zh) (dú) (more literarily); 看 (zh) (kàn) (more colloquially) Northern Min: 讀 / 读 (dŭ) Wu: 讀 / 读 Xiang: 讀 / 读 (dou6) Chukchi: калевэтгавык (kalevėtgyk) Chuukese: anneani Chuvash: вула (vula) Cornish: lenna, redya Corsican: leghja (co) Czech: číst (cs) impf Danish: læse (da) Dutch: lezen (nl) Eastern Khanty: ԓө̆ӈәтта (łø̆ṇətta) Elfdalian: leså Esperanto: legi (eo) Estonian: lugema Even: таӈ- (taŋ-) Evenki: таң- Extremaduran: leyel, leel Faroese: lesa Fijian: wilika (fj) Finnish: lukea (fi) French: lire (fr) Middle French: lire Old French: lire Galician: ler (gl) Georgian: კითხვა (ḳitxva) German: lesen (de) Alemannic German: läse Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (anakunnan) Greek: διαβάζω (el) (diázo) Ancient: ἀναγιγνώσκω (anagignṓskō), ἐντυγχάνω (entunkhánō), ἀναλέγω (analégō), ἀνανέμω (ananémō) Greenlandic: atuarpoq, atuarpaa Guaraní: moñe'ẽ Gujarati: વાંચવું (vā̃cvũ) Haitian Creole: li Hausa: kar̃àntā (ha) Hawaiian: heluhelu Hebrew: קָרָא (he) (kará) Hindi: पढ़ना (hi) (paṛhnā) Hungarian: olvas (hu), elolvas (hu) Hunsrik: lese Icelandic: lesa (is) Ido: lektar (io) Ifè: kã̀ Igala: gba Igbo: gụ Indonesian: baca (id) Ingrian: lukkia Ingush: деша (deša) Irish: léigh Isoko: se Istriot: lezi Italian: leggere (it) Japanese: 読む (ja) (よむ, yomu) Janese: maca (jv) Jeju: 익다 (ikda) Kabyle: ɣer Kaitag: булчӏа́на (bulč̣ána) Kashmiri: پَرُن (parun) Kazakh: оқу (kk) (oqu) Khiamniungan Naga: vì Khmer: មើល (km) (məəl), អាន (km) (ʼaan) Kildin Sami: ло̄гкэ (lōgke) Kituba: tanga Konkani: वाजचे (vājce) Korean: 읽다 (ko) (ikda) Kurdish: Central Kurdish: خوێندن (ckb) (xwêndin) Northern Kurdish: xwendin (ku), xwandin (ku) Kyrgyz: окуу (ky) (okuu) Ladino: meldar Lao: ອ່ານ (ʼān) Latgalian: skaiteit Latin: legō (la) Latvian: lasīt (lv) Lutuv: cape, ri Limburgish: (please verify) leuze (Maastricht) Lingala: tánga Lithuanian: skaityti (lt) Lombard: leg (lmo) Louisiana Creole: lir Lü: ᦀᦱᧃᧈ (˙ʼaan¹) Lucumí: ká, kawé (intransitive) Luxembourgish: liesen (lb) Macedonian: чита impf (čita) Malay: baca (ms) Malayalam: വായിക്കുക (ml) (vāyikkuka), വായന (ml) (vāyana) Maltese: qara Manchu: ᡨᡠ᠋ᠸᠠᠮᠪᡳ (tuwambi) Mansaka: basa Manx: lhaih Maore Comorian: usoma Maori: rīti Marathi: वाचणे (mr) (vācṇe) Middle English: reden Middle Korean: 닑다〮 (nìlktá) Minangkabau: baco Mongolian: Cyrillic: унших (mn) (unšix) Mongolian: ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ (ungsiqu) Nahuatl: pōhua Najo: ółtaʼ Neapolitan: legge Nepali: पढ्नु (paḍhnu) Nepali: पढ्नु (paḍhnu) Ngazidja Comorian: usoma Nigerian Pidgin: rid Norman: liéthe North Frisian: (Mooring dialect) leese, (Föhr-Amrum) lees Northern Sami: lohkat Northern Thai: ᩋ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨶ Norwegian: Bokmål: lese (no) Nynorsk: lesa (nn) Occitan: legir (oc) Odia: ପଢିବା (paḍhibā) Okinawan: 読むん (yumun) Old Church Slonic: Cyrillic: читати impf (čitati), чьтати impf (čĭtati) Old East Slic: читати impf (čitati) Old English: rǣdan Old Janese: waca Old Saxon: lesan Olukumi: kà Oromo: beekuu Ottoman Turkish: اوقومق (okumak) Pannonian Rusyn: читац impf (čitac), пречитац pf (prečitac) Papiamentu: lesa Pashto: لوستل (ps) (lwastǝl) Pennsylvania German: lese Persian: Classical Persian: خْوَانْدَن (xwāndan) Dari: خوانْدَن (xāndan) Iranian Persian: خوانْدَن (xândan), خونْدَن (xundan) (colloquial Tehrani) Piedmontese: lese Polish: czytać (pl) impf, przeczytać (pl) pf Portuguese: ler (pt) Quechua: ñawilliy, ñawiy, qillqaqhaway, ñawinchay (qu), liyiy Romanian: a citi (ro), a lectura (ro) Romansch: leɡer, liɡer, ler Russian: чита́ть (ru) impf (čitátʹ), прочита́ть (ru) pf (pročitátʹ) Samoan: faitau Sanskrit: पठ् (sa) (paṭh), पठति (sa) (paṭhati) Sardinian: lègere, lèghere, lèzere, lígere, ligi, lígiri, lízere Scots: read, rede Scottish Gaelic: leugh Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: чѝтати impf Roman: čìtati (sh) impf Shan: လူလိၵ်ႈ (shn) (lǔu līk), ဢၢၼ်ႇ (shn) (ʼàan) Sicilian: lèggiri (scn), liggiri (scn), lèiri (scn), liiri (scn) Sindhi: پڙهڻ (parhanu) Sinhalese: කියවනවා (kiyawanawā) Slovak: čítať (sk) impf Slovene: brati (sl) impf, čìtati impf Sorbian: Lower Sorbian: cytaś impf Upper Sorbian: čitać (hsb) impf Sotho: bala (st) Southern Altai: кычырар (kïčïrar) Spanish: leer (es) Old Spanish: leer Sranan Tongo: leisi Swahili: kusoma Swedish: läsa (sv) Sylheti: ꠙꠠꠣ (foṛa) Tagalog: bumasa (tl), basahin, magbasa Tahitian: taió Tai Dam: ꪮ꪿ꪱꪙ Tajik: хондан (tg) (xondan) Talysh: hande Tamil: வாசி (ta) (vāci), படி (ta) (paṭi) Tat: xundən Tatar: укырга (tt) (uqırga) Telugu: చదువు (te) (caduvu) Tetum: lee Thai: อ่าน (th) (àan) Tibetan: ཀློག (klog), ལྗགས་ཀློག (ljags klog) (honorific) Turkish: okumak (tr) Turkmen: okamak Ukrainian: чита́ти (uk) impf (čytáty), прочита́ти pf (pročytáty) Urdu: پَڑْھنا (paṛhnā) Uyghur: ئوقۇماق (oqumaq) Uzbek: oʻqimoq (uz) Venetan: lèzar, lèzer, lezar, lezer, lèxar, lèxer, leđer (vec) Vietnamese: đọc (vi) Vilamovian: łaoza Volapük: reidön (vo) Walloon: lére (wa) Welsh: darllen (cy) West Flemish: leezn West Frisian: lêze (fy) Yakut: аах (aaq) Yiddish: לייענען (leyenen), לעזן (lezn) Yoruba: kà (transitive), kàwé (intransitive) Ye’kwana: a'de'tö Yucatec Maya: xook Zhuang: dog, doeg to speak aloud words or other information that is written Afrikaans: lees (af) Albanian: lexon Amharic: please add this translation if you can Arabic: قَرَأَ (ar) (qaraʔa) Armenian: կարդալ (hy) (kardal), ընթերցել (hy) (əntʻercʻel) Asturian: lleer (ast) Bashkir: уҡыу (uqıw) Basque: irakurri Belarusian: чыта́ць impf (čytácʹ) Bengali: please add this translation if you can Breton: lenn (br) Bulgarian: чета́ (bg) impf (četá), прочета́ pf (pročetá) Burmese: ဖတ် (my) (hpat) Catalan: llegir (ca) Chechen: еша (ješa) Chinese: Mandarin: 讀 / 读 (zh) (dú) (more literarily); 念 (zh) (niàn) (more colloquially) Czech: číst (cs), předčítat Danish: læse (da) Dutch: voorlezen (nl) Esperanto: legi (eo), laŭtlegi Estonian: lugema Faroese: lesa Finnish: lukea (fi) French: lire (fr) Galician: ler (gl) Georgian: კითხვა (ḳitxva) German: vorlesen (de) Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽 (ussiggwan) Greek: διαβάζω (el) (diázo) Ancient: ἀναγιγνώσκω (anagignṓskō), προαναγιγνώσκω (proanagignṓskō) Guaraní: moñe'ẽ I Gujarati: please add this translation if you can Hawaiian: heluhelu Hebrew: קרא (he) (kará), הקריא (he) (hikrí) Hindi: पढ़ना (hi) (paṛhnā) Hungarian: felolvas (hu) Icelandic: lesa (is) Indonesian: baca (id) Irish: léigh Italian: leggere (it), leggere ad alta voce Japanese: 読む (ja) (よむ, yomu), 読み上げる (ja) (よみあげる, yomiageru) Kannada: please add this translation if you can Kashmiri: پَرُن (parun) Khiamniungan Naga: vì Khmer: មើល (km) (məəl), អាន (km) (ʼaan) Korean: 읽다 (ko) (ikda) Kurdish: Central Kurdish: خوێندن (ckb) (xwêndin) Northern Kurdish: xwendin (ku), xwandin (ku) Latin: recitō Latvian: lasīt (lv) Lithuanian: skaityti (lt) Malay: baca (ms) Malayalam: please add this translation if you can Maltese: qara Manchu: ᡥᡡᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (hūlambi) Manx: lhaih Maori: kōrero, pānui Mongolian: Cyrillic: унших (mn) (unšix) Mongolian: ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ (ungsiqu) Nepali: वाचन गर्नु (vācan garnu) Ngazidja Comorian: usomea Norman: liéthe Norwegian: Bokmål: lese (no) Nynorsk: lesa (nn) Odia: please add this translation if you can Ottoman Turkish: اوقومق (okumak) Persian: Classical Persian: خْوَانْدَن (xwāndan) Dari: خوانْدَن (xāndan) Iranian Persian: خوانْدَن (xândan), خونْدَن (xundan) (colloquial Tehrani) Piedmontese: lese Polish: czytać (pl) impf, odczytywać (pl), odczytać (pl) Portuguese: ler (pt) Punjabi: ਵਾਚਣਾ (vācṇā) Romanian: citi (ro) Russian: чита́ть (ru) impf (čitátʹ), прочита́ть (ru) pf (pročitátʹ) Samoan: please add this translation if you can Sanskrit: पठति (sa) (paṭhati) Scottish Gaelic: leugh Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: чѝтати impf Roman: čìtati (sh) impf Slovak: čítať (sk) Slovene: brati (sl) Sotho: bala (st) Spanish: leer (es) Swahili: soma, kusomea Swedish: läsa (sv) Tagalog: bumasa (tl), basahin Tahitian: taió Tamil: வாசி (ta) (vāci), ஓது (ta) (ōtu), படி (ta) (paṭi) Telugu: వల్లెవేయు (te) (vallevēyu) Thai: อ่าน (th) (àan), อ่านออกเสียง (àan ɔ̀ɔk sǐiang) Tongan: laua Turkish: okumak (tr) Urdu: پَڑْھنا (paṛhnā) Vietnamese: đọc (vi) Welsh: darllen (cy) West Frisian: lêze (fy) Yiddish: לייענען (leyenen), לעזן (lezn) to interpret or infer a meaning, significance, thought, intention, etc. from Asturian: lleer (ast) Bashkir: уҡыу (uqıw), уҡый белеү (uqıy belew) Bulgarian: чета́ (bg) impf (četá), прочета́ pf (pročetá) Catalan: llegir (ca) Czech: číst (cs), být gramotný Dutch: lezen (nl) Esperanto: legi (eo) Estonian: lugema Finnish: lukea (fi) French: lire (fr) German: lesen können Hungarian: olvas (hu), kiigazodik (hu), megfejt (hu), értelmez (hu) Indonesian: baca (id) Irish: léigh Italian: leggere (it) Khiamniungan Naga: vì Kurdish: Central Kurdish: خوێندن (ckb) (xwêndin) Northern Kurdish: xwendin (ku), xwandin (ku) Latin: lego (la) Latvian: lasīt (lv) Manx: lhaih Norman: liéthe Norwegian: Bokmål: lese (no) Nynorsk: lesa (nn) Ottoman Turkish: اوقومق (okumak) Persian: Classical Persian: خْوَانْدَن (xwāndan) Dari: خوانْدَن (xāndan) Iranian Persian: خوانْدَن (xândan), خونْدَن (xundan) (colloquial Tehrani) Polish: czytać (pl) impf Portuguese: ler (pt) Romanian: putea citi, citi (ro), lectura (ro) Russian: чита́ть (ru) impf (čitátʹ), прочита́ть (ru) pf (pročitátʹ) Swedish: läsa (sv) Tamil: படி (ta) (paṭi) to consist of certain text Bulgarian: глася́ (bg) impf (glasjá) Finnish: lukea (fi) Greek: γράφω (el) (gráfo) Hungarian: olvasható (hu), áll (hu), hangzik (hu) Indonesian: berbunyi (id) Portuguese: dizer (pt) Russian: гласи́ть (ru) impf (glasítʹ) Spanish: decir (es) (Latin America), poner (es) (Spain) Tamil: வாசிப்பு (ta) (vācippu) Vietnamese: chỉ (vi), đề (vi) of text, etc., to be interpreted or read in a particular way Basque: atzeman Bulgarian: тълку́вам (bg) impf (tǎlkúvam) Catalan: llegir-se Czech: (please verify) číst se Dutch: gelezen worden Finnish: lukea (fi) French: se lire German: gelesen werden Hungarian: olvasandó, olvasható (hu), íródik (hu) Indonesian: dibaca (id) Italian: leggersi Latin: legor (la) Polish: czytać się (pl) impf Portuguese: ler-se Romanian: a fi citit, a fi lecturat Russian: толкова́ть (ru) impf (tolkovátʹ) Spanish: leerse (es), interpertase, entenderse (es) Vietnamese: viết (vi), ghi (vi) to substitute (a corrected piece of text in place of an erroneous one); used to introduce an emendation of a text Hungarian: olvasd (informal, usually ironic) used after a euphemism to introduce the intended, more blunt meaning of a term Hungarian: értsd to be able to hear (in a radio connection) Bulgarian: чу́вам (bg) impf (čúvam) Catalan: sentir (ca) Dutch: ontvangen (nl), horen (nl) Estonian: kuulma (et) Finnish: kuulla (fi) French: recevoir (fr) German: verstehen (de) Hungarian: vesz (hu), hall (hu), ért (hu), megért (hu) Indonesian: mengerti (id) Italian: ricevere (it) Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: bîstin (ku), bihîstin (ku) Norwegian: Bokmål: forstå (no), høre (no), oppfatte (no) Portuguese: copiar (pt) Swedish: förstå (sv), höra (sv), uppfatta (sv) to observe and comprehend (a displayed signal) Hungarian: leolvas (hu) to make a study of Bulgarian: изуча́вам (bg) impf (izučávam) Catalan: estudiar (ca) Estonian: õppima (et) Faroese: lesa Finnish: lukea (fi), opiskella (fi) French: étudier (fr) German: studieren (de), hören (de) Hindi: पढ़ना (hi) (paṛhnā) Hungarian: tanul (hu), hallgat (hu) Indonesian: pelajari Khiamniungan Naga: vì Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: vekolîn (ku) Latin: studere Malayalam: പഠിക്കുക (ml) (paṭhikkuka) Nahuatl: machtia (nah) Norwegian: Bokmål: studere (no) Polish: czytać (pl), studiować (pl) Portuguese: estudar (pt) Russian: изуча́ть (ru) (izučátʹ) Spanish: estudiar (es) Swedish: studera (sv) Tagalog: aralin Turkish: okumak (tr) Vietnamese: học (vi), nghiên cứu (vi) to fetch data from (a storage medium, etc.) Hungarian: beolvas (hu) Indonesian: baca (id) Portuguese: ler (pt) to imagine sequences of moves Japanese: 読む (ja) (よむ, yomu) The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations. Translations to be checked Georgian: (please verify) კითხულობს (ḳitxulobs) Guaraní: (please verify) moñe'ẽ Ido: (please verify) lektar (io) Interlingua: (please verify) leger Korean: (please verify) 읽다 (ko) (ikda), (please verify) 독서하다 (ko) (dokseohada) Romanian: (please verify) citi (ro) Noun[edit]read (plural reads)
A reading or an act of reading, especially of an actor's part of a play or a piece of stored data. I had a read of the evening papers. 1879, Frederick James Furnivall, letter to the editor of "The Spectator":One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a read. 1958, Philip Larkin, Self's the Man:And when he finishes supper / Planning to he a read at the evening paper / It's Put a screw in this wall— / He has no time at all […] 2006, MySQL administrator's guide and language reference, page 393:In other words, the system can do 1200 reads per second with no writes, the erage write is twice as slow as the erage read, and the relationship is linear. (in combination) Something to be read; a written work. His thrillers are always a gripping read. A person's interpretation or impression of something. What's your read of the current political situation? On the quarterback's first read of the situation, his target receiver was not open. (at first especially in the black LGBTQ community) An instance of reading (“calling attention to someone's flaws; a taunt or insult”). 1997, Framing Culture: Africanism, Sexuality and Performance, page 186 (also discussing Paris is Burning): [As] Corey points out, "if you and I are both black queens then we can't call each other black queens because that's not a read. That's a [fact]." 2003, Philip Auslander, Performance: Media and technology, page 185:Like most African-American women, Pearlie Mae uses snapping in many of the same ways that black gay men use it: to accentuate a read. 2013, bell hooks, Teaching Critical Thinking: Practical Wisdom, →ISBN:I learned that it was acceptable to be witty, especially if you were one of the wearblackallthetime, deconstructivist, radical, feministbitchydiva girls who could give a harsh read (i.e., critique) or throw shade […] . (biochemistry) The identification of a specific sequence of genes in a genome or bases in a nucleic acid string. Derived terms[edit] beach readchemistry readcold readdestructive readdirty readnon-destructive readphantom readpseudoreadquick readread countread headread-inread lengthread-out, readoutsensitivity readstale readtable read Translations[edit] a reading or an act of reading Bulgarian: че́тене n (čétene), четиво n (četivo) French: lecture (fr) f Georgian: please add this translation if you can Hindi: पढ़ना (hi) (paṛhnā) Hungarian: olvasás (hu), felolvasás (hu) Icelandic: lesning f Manx: lhaih m Polish: lektura (pl) f Portuguese: leitura (pt) f, lida (pt) f, ler (pt) Romanian: citire (ro) f, lecturare, intonare (ro) f (actor) Sanskrit: पठति (sa) (paṭhati) Spanish: lectura (es) f Swedish: läsning (sv) c (in combination) something to be read; a written work Hungarian: olvasmány (hu), olvasnivaló (hu) a person's interpretation or impression of something Hungarian: olvasat (hu), értelmezés (hu) Etymology 2[edit]From Middle English redde (simple past), red, rad (past participle), from Old English rǣdde (simple past), (ġe)rǣded (past participle), conjugations of rǣdan (“to read”); see above.
Pronunciation[edit] enPR: rĕd, IPA(key): /ɹɛd/ Audio (US):(file) Audio (Received Pronunciation):(file) Rhymes: -ɛd Homophones: red, redd Verb[edit]read
simple past and past participle of read References[edit] ^ Dobson, E[ric] J. (1957), English pronunciation 1500-1700[1], second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1968, →OCLC, § 116, page 632:(b) The variation is commonest in read. It has ẹ̄ in Hart, Laneham, Robinson, Jonson, Price, Cooper, the ‘homophone’ lists of Hodges (‘near alike’; contrast EP), Price, Coles, Strong, Young, Cooper, WSC-RS, Cocker, and Brown. It has ę̄ in the ABC for chyldren, Smith, Bullokar, Gil, Hodges EP (contrast his ‘near alike’ list in SH-PD), Wallis, Wilkins, the Treatise of Stops (possibly with a variant ẹ̄)), The Protestant Tutor, and Willis’s rhymelist (see Vol. I, p. 426). See also[edit] English terms starting with “read” Anagrams[edit] 'eard, DARE, Dare, Dear, Rade, Reda, ared, dare, dear, rade Estonian[edit] Noun[edit]read
nominative plural of rida Old English[edit] Etymology[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-.
Germanic cognates: Old Frisian rād (West Frisian read), Old Saxon rōd (Low German root, rod), Dutch rood, Old High German rōt (German rot), Old Norse rauðr (Danish rød, Swedish röd, Icelandic rauður), Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs).
Indo-European cognates: Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Latin ruber, Old Irish rúad, Lithuanian raũdas, Russian рудо́й (rudój).
Pronunciation[edit] IPA(key): /ræ͜ɑːd/ Adjective[edit]rēad
red The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle An. DCCLXXIII Hēr ōþēowde rēad Crīstes mǣl on heofonum æfter sunnan setlgange. ⁊ þȳ ġēare ġefuhtan Myrċe ⁊ Cantware æt Ottanforda. ⁊ wundorlīċe nǣddran wǣron ġesāwene on Sūðseaxna lande.Year 773 In this year a red crucifix appeared in the heens after the setting of the sun. And in that year, Mercia and Kent fought at Otford. Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church Moyses, ðurh Godes mihte, āwende eal heora wæter tō rēadum blōde, and hē āfylde eal heora land mid froggon, and siððan mid gnættum, eft mid hundes lūsum, ðā flugon into heora mūðe and heora næsðyrlum; and sē Ælmihtiġa ðone mōdiġan cyning mid þām eaðelicum ġesċeaftum swā gėswencte...Moses, through the power of God, turned all their water into red blood, and filled all of their land with frogs, and then with gnats, and afterwards with dogflies, which flew into their mouths and their nostrils; the Almighty punished their proud king in that way with every kind of creature... Declension[edit] Declension of rēad — Strong Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative rēad rēad rēad Accusative rēadne rēade rēad Genitive rēades rēadre rēades Dative rēadum rēadre rēadum Instrumental rēade rēadre rēade Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative rēade rēada, rēade rēad Accusative rēade rēada, rēade rēad Genitive rēadra rēadra rēadra Dative rēadum rēadum rēadum Instrumental rēadum rēadum rēadum Declension of rēad — Weak Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative rēada rēade rēade Accusative rēadan rēadan rēade Genitive rēadan rēadan rēadan Dative rēadan rēadan rēadan Instrumental rēadan rēadan rēadan Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative rēadan rēadan rēadan Accusative rēadan rēadan rēadan Genitive rēadra, rēadena rēadra, rēadena rēadra, rēadena Dative rēadum rēadum rēadum Instrumental rēadum rēadum rēadum Derived terms[edit] blēorēad ġeolurēad rēadnes weolocrēad Descendants[edit] Middle English: red, redde, reed, read, rædEnglish: redScots: rede, reidYola: reed See also[edit] Colors in Old English · dēage (layout · text) hwīt grǣġ blæc, sweart rēad; basu ġeolurēad; brūn ġeolu grēne blāw blāw purpuren Swedish[edit] Participle[edit]read
past participle of rea Anagrams[edit] edra, reda West Frisian[edit] Etymology[edit]From Old Frisian rād.
Adjective[edit]read
red Inflection[edit] Inflection of read uninflected read inflected reade comparative reader positive comparative superlative predicative/adverbial read reader it readstit readste indefinite c. sing. reade readere readste n. sing. read reader readste plural reade readere readste definite reade readere readste partitive reads readers — Derived terms[edit] reahart See also[edit] Colors in West Frisian · kleuren (layout · text) wyt griis swart read oranje; brún giel grien blaugrien blau fiolet pears rôze Further reading[edit] “read”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011