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The Python programming language is actively used by many people, both in industry and academia, for a wide variety of purposes.
Contents 1 Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) for Python 2 Unit testing frameworks 3 Python package managers and Python distributions 4 Applications 4.1 Productivity 4.2 Multimedia 4.3 Gaming 4.4 File hosting 4.5 Network tools 4.6 Package managers 4.7 Software management 4.8 Other 5 Web applications 6 Video games 7 Web frameworks 8 Graphics frameworks 9 UI frameworks 10 Scientific packages 11 Machine learning and artificial intelligence 12 Mathematical libraries 13 Numerical libraries 14 Additional development packages 15 Embedded as a scripting language 16 Commercial uses 17 Python implementations 18 See also 19 References 20 External links Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) for Python edit See also: Comparison of Python IDEs Atom — an open-source cross-platform IDE with autocomplete, help and more Python features under package extensions. Codelobster — a cross-platform IDE for various languages, including Python. Colab — Jupyter notebook online integrated development environment developed by Google. EasyEclipse — an open-source IDE for Python and other languages. Eclipse — with the Pydev plug-in. Eclipse supports many other languages as well. Emacs, with the built-in python-mode.[1] Eric — an IDE for Python and Ruby. Geany — IDE for Python development and other languages. IDLE — a simple IDE bundled with the default implementation of the language. Jupyter Notebook — an IDE that supports markdown, Python, Julia — R and several other languages. Kaggle Notebooks — an online IDE for Python and R with integrated data science libraries, free GPUs, and collaborative features. Komodo IDE — an IDE PHOTOS Python, Perl, PHP and Ruby. NetBeans — is written in Ja and runs everywhere where a JVM is installed. Ninja-IDE — free software, written in Python and Qt. PyCharm — a proprietary and open-source IDE for Python development. PythonAnywhere — an online IDE and Web hosting service. Python Tools for Visual Studio — Free and open-source plug-in for Visual Studio. Spyder — IDE for scientific programming. Thonny — beginner-friendly Python IDE. Vim — with "lang#python" layer enabled.[2] Visual Studio Code — an open-source IDE for various languages, including Python. Wing IDE — cross-platform proprietary with some free versions/licenses IDE for Python. Replit — an online IDE that supports multiple languages. Unit testing frameworks edit Further information: List of unit testing frameworks § Python Python package managers and Python distributions edit Anaconda – Python distribution with conda package manager. Enthought – Enthought Canopy Python with Python package manager. pip – package management system used to install and manage software written in Python.[3] Applications edit Productivity edit Calibre – an open-source e-book management tool. Chandler – a personal information manager including calendar, email, tasks and notes support that is not currently under development. Resolver One – a spreadsheet. SageMath – a combination of more than 20 main opensource math packages and provides easy to use web interface with the help of Python. Gajim – an instant messaging client for the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP). Gramps – an open-source genealogy software. Multimedia edit BitTorrent – original client, along with several derivatives. Cinema 4D – a 3D art and animation program for creating intros and 3-Dimensional text. Has a built in Python scripting console and engine. Deluge – a BitTorrent client. Exaile – an open-source audio player. GNOME SoundConverter – a program to convert sound files to various formats and qualities; a wrapper around GStreamer. Juice – a popular podcast downloader. Miro – a cross-platform internet television application. Morpheus – a file sharing client/server software operated by the company StreamCast. MusicBrainz Picard – a cross-platform MusicBrainz tag editor. Nicotine – a PyGTK Soulseek client. OpenLP – lyrics projection software. OpenShot – a video editor. PiTiVi – a video non-linear editing system. Quod Libet – a cross-platform free and open-source music player, tag editor and library organizer. TouchDesigner – a node based visual programming language for real-time interactive multimedia content. Gaming edit PyChess – a cross-platform computer chess program. Quake Army Knife – an environment for developing 3D maps for games based on the Quake engine. File hosting edit Dropbox – a web-based file hosting service. Gunicorn – a pre-fork web server for Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI) applications. Network tools edit Celery – an asynchronous task queue/job queue based on distributed message passing. Conch – implementation of the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol with Twisted. Shinken – a computer system and network monitoring software application compatible with Nagios. Wicd – a network manager for Linux. Xpra – a tool which runs X clients, usually on a remote host, and directs their display to the local machine without losing any state. Package managers edit Image Packaging System (IPS) – an advanced, cross-platform package manager used in mosty Solaris and OpenSolaris–illumos derivatives. Pip – a package manager used to install and manage Python software packages such as those from the Python Package Index (PyPI) software repository. Portage – the heart of Gentoo Linux, an advanced package manager based on the BSD-style ports system. Ubuntu Software Center – a graphical package manager, installed by default in Ubuntu releases starting in 9.10 and ending in 16.04. Yellowdog Updater – Modified (YUM), a package management utility for RPM-compatible Linux operating systems. Software management edit A-A-P – a tool used to download, build and install software via Makefile-like "recipes". Anaconda (installer) – an open-source system installer for Linux distributions primarily used in Fedora Linux, CentOS, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Ansible – a configuration management engine for computers by combining multi-node software deployment and ad hoc task execution. BitBake – a make-like build tool with the special focus of distributions and packages for embedded Linux cross compilation. Buildbot – a continuous integration system. Buildout – a software build tool, primarily used to download and set up development or deployment software dependencies. GYP (Generate Your Projects) – a build automation tool (similar to CMake and Premake) to generate native IDE project files (e.g., Visual Studio, Xcode, etc.) from one configuration. Mercurial – a cross-platform, distributed source management tool. Pungi – an open-source distribution compose tool to organize creating YUM and system image repositories. Salt – a configuration management and remote execution engine. SCons – a tool for building software. Waf – a build automation tool to assist automatic compiling and installing of computer software. Other edit Anki – a spaced repetition flashcard program. Bazaar – a free distribution deed revision computer control system. GlobaLeaks – an open-source whistleblowing framework. OpenStack – a cloud computing IaaS platform. Tryton – a three-tier high-level general purpose computer application platform. Web applications edit Allura – an ASF software forge for managing source code repositories, bug reports, discussions, wiki pages, blogs and more for multiple projects. Bloodhound – an ASF project management and bug tracking system. ERP5 – a powerful open-source ERP / CRM used in Aerospace, Apparel, Banking and for e-government. ERPNext – an open-source ERP / CRM. FirstVoices – an open-source language revitalization platform. Kallithea – a source code management system. Mailman – one of the more popular packages for running email mailing lists. MakeHuman – free software for creating realistic 3D humans. MoinMoin – a wiki engine. Odoo (formerly OpenERP) – business management software. Planet – a feed aggregator. Plone – an open-source content management system. Roundup – a bug tracking system. Tor2web – an HTTP proxy for Tor Hidden Services (HS). Trac – web-based bug/issue tracking database, wiki, and version control front-end. ViewVC – a web-based interface for browsing CVS and SVN repositories. Video games edit Battlefield 2 uses Python for all of its add-ons and a lot of its functionality.[4] Bridge Commander.[5] Disney's Toontown Online is written in Python and uses Panda3D for graphics.[6][7] Doki Doki Literature Club!, a psychological horror visual novel using the Ren'Py engine. Eve Online uses Stackless Python. Frets on Fire is written in Python and uses Pygame. Mount & Blade is written in Python.[citation needed] Pirates of the Caribbean Online is written in Python and uses Panda3D for graphics.[citation needed] Ren'Py — visual novel engine built on Python and Pygame. SpongeBob SquarePants: Revenge of the Flying Dutchman uses Python as a scripting language.[8][9] The Sims 4 uses Python.[10] The Temple of Elemental Evil, a computer role-playing game based on the classic Greyhawk Dungeons & Dragons campaign setting. Unity of Command (video game) is an operational-level wargame about the 1942–43 Stalingrad Campaign on the Eastern Front.[citation needed] Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines, a computer role-playing game based on the World of Darkness campaign setting[11] Vega Strike, an open-source space simulator, uses Python for internal scripting.[citation needed] World of Tanks uses Python for most of its tasks.[12] Web frameworks edit See also: Comparison of server-side web frameworks BlueBream – a rewrite by the Zope developers of the Zope 2 web application server. CherryPy – an object-oriented web application server and framework. CubicWeb – a web framework that targets large-scale semantic web and linked open data applications and international corporations. Django – an MVT (model, view, template) web framework. Flask – a modern, lightweight, well-documented micro-framework based on Werkzeug and Jinja 2. Google App Engine – a platform for developing and hosting web applications in Google-managed data centers, including Python. Grok – a web framework based on Zope Toolkit technology. Jam.py (web framework) – a "full stack" WSGI rapid application development framework. Nevow – a web application framework originally developed by the company Divmod. Pylons – a lightweight web framework emphasizing flexibility and rapid development. Pyramid – a minimalistic web framework inspired by Zope, Pylons and Django. Python Paste – a set of utilities for web development that has been described as "a framework for web frameworks". Quixote – a framework for developing Web applications in Python. RapidSMS – a web framework which extends the logic and capabilities of Django to communicate with SMS messages. Spyce – a technology to embed Python code into webpages. Tornado – a lightweight non-blocking server and framework. TurboGears – a web framework combining SQLObject/SQLAlchemy, Kid/Genshi, and CherryPy/Pylons. web2py – a full-stack enterprise web application framework, following the MVC design. Zope 2 – an application server, commonly used to build content management systems. Graphics frameworks edit Pygame – Python bindings for SDL. Panda3D – a 3D game engine for Python. Python Imaging Library – a module for working with images. Python-Ogre – a Python Language binding for the OGRE 3D engine. UI frameworks edit appJar – cross-platform, open-source GUI library for Python. Provides easy wrapper functions around most of Tkinter with extra functionality built in. Kivy – open-source Python library for developing multitouch application software with a natural user interface (NUI). PyGTK – a popular cross-platform GUI library based on GTK+; furthermore, other GNOME libraries also he bindings for Python. PyQt – another cross-platform GUI library based on Qt; as above, KDE libraries also he bindings. PySide – an alternative to the PyQt library, released under the BSD-style licence. Tkinter – is Python's de facto GUI it is shipped in most versions of Python and is integrated in the IDLE. It is based Tcl command tool. wxPython – a port of wxWidgets and a cross-platform GUI library for Python. Scientific packages edit Astropy – a library of Python tools for astronomy and astrophysics. Biopython – a Python molecular biology suite. Gensim – a library for natural language processing, including unsupervised topic modeling and information retrieval. graph-tool – a Python module for manipulation and statistical analysis of graphs. Natural Language Toolkit – or NLTK, a suite of libraries and programs for symbolic and statistical natural language processing (NLP) for English. NetworkX – a package for the creation, manipulation, and study of complex networks. Orange – an open-source visual programming tool featuring interactive data visualization and methods for statistical data analysis, data mining, and machine learning. SciPy – collection of packages for mathematics, science, and engineering. TomoPy – a package for tomographic data processing and image reconstruction. Veusz – a scientific plotting package. VisTrails – a scientific workflow and provenance management software with visual programming interface and integrated visualization (via Matplotlib, VTK). Machine learning and artificial intelligence edit Apache MXNet — open-source deep learning framework for deep neural networks. Apache Singa – a library for deep learning. Chainer — deep learning framework on top of NumPy and CuPy. Horovod — framework by Uber for distributed deep learning training using TensorFlow, Keras, PyTorch, and Apache MXNet. Keras — high-level neural networks API, running on top of TensorFlow and other backends. MindSpore — deep learning framework developed by Huawei. PlaidML — Tensor compiler. PyTorch – open-source machine learning library based on the Torch library. PyTorch Lightning — provides a high-level interface for PyTorch QLattice — symbolic regression. scikit-learn – a library for machine learning. TensorFlow – software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence. Theano — machine learning library. Transformers Library — mainly compatible with the PyTorch library from Hugging Face Mathematical libraries edit CuPy – a library for GPU-accelerated computing. Dask – a library for parallel computing. Manim – open-source Python mathematical animation and visualisation library from 3Blue1Brown. Mathics – an open-source implementation of the Mathematica programming language. Matplotlib – providing MATLAB-like plotting and mathematical functions (using NumPy). NumPy – a language extension that adds support for large and fast, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices. Plotly – is a scientific plotting library for creating browser-based graphs. SageMath – is a large mathematical software application which integrates the work of nearly 100 free software projects. SymPy – a symbolic mathematical calculations package. PyMC – python module containing Bayesian statistical models and fitting algorithms, including Markov chain Monte Carlo. Numerical libraries edit NumPy, a BSD-licensed library that adds support for the manipulation of large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices; it also includes a large collection of high-level mathematical functions. NumPy serves as the backbone for a number of other numerical libraries, notably SciPy. De facto standard for matrix/tensor operations in Python. Pandas, a library for data manipulation and analysis. SageMath is a large mathematical software application which integrates the work of nearly 100 free software projects and supports linear algebra, combinatorics, numerical mathematics, calculus, and more.[13] SciPy,[14][15][16] a large BSD-licensed library of scientific tools. De facto standard for scientific computations in Python. ScientificPython, a library with a different set of scientific tools SymPy, a library based on New BSD license for symbolic computation. Features of Sympy range from basic symbolic arithmetic to calculus, algebra, discrete mathematics and quantum physics. Additional development packages edit Beautiful Soup – package for parsing HTML and XML documents. Cheetah – Python-powered template engine and code-generation tool. Construct – python library for the declarative construction and deconstruction of data structures. Genshi – template engine for XML-based vocabularies. IPython – development shell both written in and designed for Python. Jinja – Python-powered template engine, inspired by Django's template engine. Kid – simple template engine for XML-based vocabularies. Meson build system – software tool for automating the building (compiling) of software. mod_wsgi – module that provides a WSGI compliant interface for hosting Python based web applications with the Apache web server. PyObjC – Python to Objective-C bridge that allows writing OS X software in Python. Robot Framework – generic test automation framework for acceptance testing and acceptance test-driven development (ATDD). Setuptools – package development process library designed to facilitate packaging Python projects by enhancing the Python distutils (distribution utilities) standard library. Sphinx – which converts reStructuredText files into HTML websites and other formats including PDF, EPub and Man pages. SQLAlchemy – database backend and ORM. SQLObject – an ORM for providing an object interface to a database. Storm – an ORM from Canonical. Twisted – a networking framework for Python. VPython – the Python programming language plus a 3D graphics module called Visual. Embedded as a scripting language editPython is, or can be used as the scripting language in these notable software products:
Abaqus (Finite Element Software) ADvantage Framework Amarok ArcGIS – a prominent GIS platform, allows extensive modelling using Python. Autodesk Maya – a professional 3D modeler allows Python scripting as an alternative to MEL as of version 8.5. Autodesk MotionBuilder Autodesk Softimage (formerly Softimage|XSI) BioNumerics – a bioinformatics software suite for the management, storage and (statistical) analysis of all types of biological data. Blender Boxee – a cross-platform home theater PC software. Cinema 4D Civilization IV has the map editor supporting Python.[17] Corel Paint Shop Pro Claws Mail with Python plugin DSHub ERDAS Imagine FL Studio – a Digital audio workstation, uses Python to support MIDI Controller integration, as well as scripting within its piano roll and Edison audio editor. FreeCAD gedit GIMP GNAT – The GNAT programming chain tool (Ada language implementation in GNU gcc), as a GNATcoll reusable components for the applications (with or without PyGTK) and as a scripting language for the commands in the GPS programming environment. Houdini highly evolved 3D animation package, fully extensible using python. Inkscape – a free vector graphics editor. Krita – a free raster graphics editor for digital painting. MeVisLab – a medical image processing and visualization software, uses Python for network scripting, macro modules, and application building. Modo Minecraft: Pi Edition (game).[18] MSC.Software's CAE packages: Adams, Mentat, SimXpert. MySQL Workbench – a visual database design tool. Nuke (compositing for visual effects) OriginPro – a commercial graphic and analysis software, provides Python environment for access. ParaView, an opensource scientific visualization software Poser – a 3D rendering and animation computer program that uses for scripting a special dialect of Python, called PoserPython. PTV AG products for traffic and transportation analysis, including PTV VISSIM. PyMOL – a popular molecular viewer that embeds Python for scripting and integration. OriginPro – a commercial graphing and analysis software, provides a Python environment for both embedded and external access. QGIS uses Python for scripting and plugin-development. Rhinoceros 3D version 5.0[19] and its visual-scripting language Grasshopper uses IronPython.[20] Rhythmbox Scribus 3DSlicer – a medical image visualisation and analysis software. Python is ailable for algorithm implementation, analysis pipelines, and GUI creation. SPSS statistical software – SPSS Programmability Extension allows users to extend the SPSS command syntax language with Python. SublimeText Totem – a media player for the GNOME desktop environment. Vim VisIt WeeChat – a console IRC client. Commercial uses edit CCP Games uses Stackless Python in both its server-side and client-side applications for its MMO Eve Online.[21] Instagram's backend is written in Python.[22] NASA is using Python to implement a CAD/CAE/PDM repository and model management, integration, and transformation system which will be the core infrastructure for its next-generation collaborative engineering environment.[23][non-primary source needed] It is also the development language for OpenMDAO, a framework developed by NASA for solving multidisciplinary design optimization problems. "Python has been an important part of Google since the beginning, and remains so as the system grows and evolves. Today dozens of Google engineers use Python."[24] Reddit was originally written in Common Lisp, but was rewritten in Python in 2005.[25] Yahoo! Groups uses Python "to maintain its discussion groups".[citation needed] YouTube uses Python "to produce maintainable features in record times, with a minimum of developers".[26] Enthought uses Python as the main language for many custom applications in Geophysics, Financial applications, Astrophysics, simulations for consumer product companies. Python implementations edit See also: Python (programming language) § Implementations, and Source-to-source compiler § Programming language implementationsImplementations of Python include:[27]
CLPython – Implementation, written in Common Lisp. CPython – The reference implementation, written in C11.[28] Some notable distributions include: ActivePython – Distribution with more than 300 included packages.[29] Intel Distribution for Python – High performance distribution with conda and pip package managers.[30] PSF Python – Reference distribution that includes only selected standard libraries[31] Cython – programming language to simplify writing C and C++ extension modules for the CPython Python runtime. IronPython – Python for CLI platforms (including .NET and Mono). Jython – Python for Ja platforms. MicroPython – Python 3 implementation for micro-controller platforms. Nuitka – a source-to-source compiler which compiles Python code to C/C++ executables, or source code. Numba – NumPy aware LLVM-based JIT compiler. PyPy – Python (originally) coded in Python, used with RPython, a restricted subset of Python that is amenable to static analysis and thus a JIT. Shed Skin – a source-to-source compiler from Python to C++.Historic Python implementations include:
Parrot – Virtual machine being developed mainly as the runtime for Raku, and intended to support dynamic languages like Python, Ruby, Tcl, etc. Psyco – specialized JIT compiler project that has mostly been eclipsed by PyPy. Pyrex – Python-like Python module development project that has mostly been eclipsed by Cython. Python for S60 – CPython port to the S60 platform. Stackless Python – CPython with coroutines. Unladen Swallow – performance-orientated implementation based on CPython which natively executed its bytecode via an LLVM-based JIT compiler. Funded by Google, stopped circa 2011. See also edit List of open-source code libraries List of C++ software and tools List of C# software List of C software and tools List of Ja frameworks List of JaScript libraries and Comparison of JaScript-based web frameworks List of Perl software and tools List of Ruby software and tools List of Visual Basic .NET software and tools Outline of the Python programming language References edit ^ "Python Programming in Emacs". September 2017. ^ "Use Vim as a Python IDE | SpaceVim". ^ "pip documentation v25.2". ^ "OrganizationsUsingPython - Python Wiki". ^ "OrganizationsUsingPython - Python Wiki". ^ Mine, Mark R.; Shochet, Joe; Hughston, Roger (2003). "Building a massively multiplayer game for the million". Computers in Entertainment. 1: 1–20. doi:10.1145/950566.950589. S2CID 13977231. ^ "Toontown 2013 Source". GitHub. 17 November 2021. ^ "SpongeBob SquarePants: Revenge of the Flying Dutchman .DGC - ZenHAX". zenhax.com. Retrieved 2022-09-13. ^ "TXT · Jellonator/chum-world Wiki". GitHub. Retrieved 2022-09-13. ^ "The Sims 4 Creator's Camp: Modding Masterclass". Sims VIP. 4 August 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2018. ^ "Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines – Mod Developer Guide – PC – By rezzzman – GameFAQs". gamefaqs.gamespot.com. Retrieved 2020-09-11. ^ "This is GameDev, baby! Interview with developers of World of Tanks – HackMag". hackmag.com. ^ Zimmermann, P., Casamayou, A., Cohen, N., Connan, G., Dumont, T., Fousse, L., ... & Bray, E. (2018). Computational Mathematics with SageMath. SIAM. ^ Jones, E., Oliphant, T., & Peterson, P. (2001). SciPy: Open source scientific tools for Python. ^ Bressert, E. (2012). SciPy and NumPy: an overview for developers. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". ^ Blanco-Silva, F. J. (2013). Learning SciPy for numerical and scientific computing. Packt Publishing Ltd. ^ Kosak, De 'Fargo' (27 October 2005). "GameSpy: Civilization IV". GameSpy. pp. 1–3. 662218. Archived from the original on 6 December 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2009. ^ O'Hanlon, Martin (2020-09-04), martinohanlon/mcpi, retrieved 2020-09-11 ^ "What is Rhino.Python?". developer.rhino3d.com. ^ "What is Rhino.Python?". developer.rhino3d.com. Retrieved 2021-04-15. ^ "EVE Online | Frequently Asked Questions". EVE Online. 2008-07-05. Archived from the original on 2009-02-22. ^ McCracken, Harry (June 23, 2015). "Do The Simple Thing First: The Engineering Behind Instagram". Fast Company. ^ "NASA Open Source Software". code.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2020-10-26. ^ Quotes about Python Peter Norvig, director of search quality at Google, Inc. ^ "on lisp". Upvoted. Retrieved 2018-12-05. ^ Quotes about Python Cuong Do, Software Architect, YouTube.com. ^ "PythonImplementations". Python Wiki. Python Software Foundation. Retrieved 2017-12-14. ^ "What's New In Python 3.11 — Python 3.11.0rc1 documentation". docs.python.org. Retrieved 2022-08-15. ^ "ActivePython". ActiveState.com. ActiveState Software. Retrieved 2017-12-14. ^ "Intel Distribution for Python". Intel Software. Intel. Retrieved 2017-12-14. ^ "Download Python". Python.org. Python Software Foundation. Retrieved 2017-12-14. External links edit Python Package Index (formerly the Python Cheese Shop) is the official directory of Python software libraries and modules Useful Modules in the Python.org wiki Organizations Using Python – a list of projects that make use of Python Python.org editors – Multi-platform table of various Python editors