Eden Project
General informationTypeMultiple greenhouse complexArchitectural styleInspired by James T. Baldwin's Pillow Dome[1]LocationCornwall, EnglandCoordinates50°21′43″N 4°44′41″W / 50.36194°N 4.74472°W / 50.36194; -4.74472CompletedMay 2000; 25 years ago (2000-05)Opened17 March 2001; 24 years ago (2001-03-17)Technical detailsStructural systemSteel frame and thermoplasticDesign and constructionArchitectGrimshaw ArchitectsStructural engineerAnthony Hunt and AssociatesServices engineerArup
The Eden Project (Cornish: Edenva) is a visitor attraction in Cornwall, England. The project is located in a reclaimed china clay pit.[2][3]
The complex is dominated by two huge enclosures consisting of adjoining domes that house thousands of plant species,[4] and each enclosure emulates a natural biome. The biomes consist of hundreds of hexagonal and pentagonal ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) inflated cells supported by geodesic tubular steel domes. The larger of the two biomes simulates a rainforest environment (and is one of the largest indoor rainforests in the world)[5] and the second, a Mediterranean environment.
The attraction also has an outside botanical garden which is home to many plants and wildlife native to Cornwall and the UK in general; it also has many plants that provide an important and interesting backstory, for example, those with a prehistoric heritage.
There are plans to build an Eden Project in the seaside town of Morecambe, Lancashire, with a focus on the marine environment.
History[edit]The clay pit in which the project is sited was in use for over 160 years.[7] In 1981, the pit was used by the BBC as the planet surface of Magrathea in the TV series the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.[8] By the mid-1990s the pit was all but exhausted.[9]
The initial idea for the project dates back to 1996, with construction beginning in 1998. The work was hampered by torrential rain in the first few months of the project, and parts of the pit flooded as it sits 15 m (49 ft) below the water table.[9]
The first part of the Eden Project, the visitor centre, opened to the public in May 2000. The first plants began arriving in September of that year,[9] and the full site opened on 17 March 2001.
To counter criticism from environmental groups, the Eden Project committed to investigate a rail link to the site.[10] The rail link was never built, and car parking on the site is still funded from revenue generated from general admission ticket sales. A bus service links the site to St Austell railway station, on the Cornish Main Line.
The Eden Project was used as a filming location for the 2002 James Bond film Die Another Day. On 2 July 2005 The Eden Project hosted the "Africa Calling" concert of the Live 8 concert series. It has also provided some plants for the British Museum's Africa garden.
In 2005, the Project launched "A Time of Gifts" for the winter months, November to February. This features an ice rink covering the lake, with a small café-bar attached, as well as a Christmas market. Cornish choirs regularly perform in the biomes.
In 2007, the Eden Project campaigned unsuccessfully for £50 million in Big Lottery Fund money for a proposed desert biome.[11][12] It received just 12.07% of the votes, the lowest for the four projects being considered.[13] As part of the campaign, the Eden Project invited people all over Cornwall to try to break the world record for the biggest ever pub quiz as part of its campaign to bring £50 million of lottery funds to Cornwall.[14]
In December 2009, much of the project, including both greenhouses, became ailable to nigate through Google Street View.
The Eden Trust revealed a trading loss of £1.3 million for 2012–13, on a turnover of £25.4 million. The Eden Project had posted a surplus of £136,000 for the previous year. In 2014 Eden accounts showed a surplus of £2 million.[15]
The World Pasty Championships, an international competition to find the best Cornish pasties and other pasty-type soury snacks, he been held at the Eden Project since 2012.[16]
The Eden Project is said to he contributed over £1 billion to the Cornish economy.[17] In 2016, Eden became home to Europe's second-largest redwood forest (after the Giants Grove at Birr Castle, Birr Castle, Ireland) when forty saplings of coast redwoods, Sequoia sempervirens, which could live for 4,000 years and reach 115 metres in height, were planted there.[18]
The Eden Project received 1,010,095 visitors in 2019.[19]
In December 2020 the project was closed after hey rain caused several landslips at the site. Managers at the site are assessing the damage and will announce when the project will reopen on the company's website.[20] Reopening became irrelevant as Covid lockdown measures in the UK indefinitely closed the venue from early 2021, though it had reopened by May 2021 after remedial works had taken place. The site was used for an event during the 2021 G7 Summit, hosted by the United Kingdom.[21]
Design and construction[edit]The project was conceived by Tim Smit and Jonathan Ball, and designed by Grimshaw Architects and structural engineering firm Anthony Hunt Associates (now part of Sinclair Knight Merz). Dis Langdon carried out the project management, Sir Robert McAlpine and Alfred McAlpine[22] did the construction, MERO jointly designed and built the biome steel structures, the ETFE pillows that build the façade were realized by Vector Foiltec, and Arup was the services engineer, economic consultant, environmental engineer and transportation engineer. Land Use Consultants led the masterplan and landscape design. The project took 2½ years to construct and opened to the public on 17 March 2001.
Site[edit]Once into the attraction, there is a meandering path with views of the two biomes, planted landscapes, including vegetable gardens, and sculptures that include a giant bee and previously The WEEE Man (removed in 2016), a towering figure made from old electrical appliances and was meant to represent the erage electrical waste used by one person in a lifetime.
Biomes[edit]At the bottom of the pit are two covered biomes:
The Rainforest Biome, covers 1.56 ha (3.9 acres) and measures 55 m (180 ft) high, 100 m (328 ft) wide, and 200 m (656 ft) long. It is used for tropical plants, such as fruiting banana plants, coffee, rubber, and giant bamboo, and is kept at a tropical temperature and moisture level.
The Mediterranean Biome covers 0.654 ha (1.6 acres) and measures 35 m (115 ft) high, 65 m (213 ft) wide, and 135 m (443 ft) long. It houses familiar warm temperate and arid plants such as olives and grape vines and various sculptures.
The Outdoor Gardens represent the temperate regions of the world with plants such as tea, lender, hops, hemp, and sunflowers, as well as local plant species.
The covered biomes are constructed from a tubular steel (hex-tri-hex) with mostly hexagonal external cladding panels made from the thermoplastic ETFE. Glass was oided due to its weight and potential dangers. The cladding panels themselves are created from several layers of thin UV-transparent ETFE film, which are sealed around their perimeter and inflated to create a large cushion. The resulting cushion acts as a thermal blanket to the structure. The ETFE material is resistant to most stains, which simply wash off in the rain. If required, cleaning can be performed by abseilers. Although the ETFE is susceptible to punctures, these can be easily fixed with ETFE tape. The structure is completely self-supporting, with no internal supports, and takes the form of a geodesic structure. The panels vary in size up to 9 m (29.5 ft) across, with the largest at the top of the structure.
The ETFE technology was supplied and installed by the firm Vector Foiltec, which is also responsible for ongoing maintenance of the cladding. The steel spaceframe and cladding package (with Vector Foiltec as ETFE subcontractor) was designed, supplied and installed by MERO (UK) PLC, who also jointly developed the overall scheme geometry with the architect, Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners.
The entire build project was managed by McAlpine Joint Venture.
The Core is the latest addition to the site and opened in September 2005. It provides the Eden Project with an education facility, incorporating classrooms and exhibition spaces designed to help communicate Eden's central message about the relationship between people and plants. Accordingly, the building has taken its inspiration from plants, most noticeable in the form of the soaring timber roof, which gives the building its distinctive shape.
Grimshaw developed the geometry of the copper-clad roof in collaboration with a sculptor, Peter Randall-Page, and Mike Purvis of structural engineers SKM Anthony Hunts. It is derived from phyllotaxis, which is the mathematical basis for nearly all plant growth; the "opposing spirals" found in many plants such as the seeds in a sunflower's head, pine cones, and pineapples. The copper was obtained from traceable sources, and the Eden Project is working with Rio Tinto to explore the possibility of encouraging further traceable supply routes for metals, which would enable users to oid metals mined unethically. The services and acoustic, mechanical, and electrical engineering design was carried out by Buro Happold.
Art at The Core[edit]The Core is also home to art exhibitions throughout the year. A permanent installation entitled Seed, by Peter Randall-Page, occupies the anteroom. Seed is a large, 70 tonne egg-shaped installation, carved from a single block of granite from De Lank Quarry on Bodmin Moor, standing some 13 feet (4.0 m) tall and displaying a complex pattern of protrusions that are based upon the geometric and mathematical principles that underlie plant growth.[23][24]
Environmental aspects[edit]The biomes provide diverse growing conditions, and many plants are on display.
The Eden Project includes environmental education focusing on the interdependence of plants and people; plants are labelled with their medicinal uses. The massive amounts of water required to create the humid conditions of the Tropical Biome, and to serve the toilet facilities, are all sanitised rain water that would otherwise collect at the bottom of the quarry. The only mains water used is for hand washing and for cooking. The complex also uses Green Tariff Electricity – some of the energy comes from one of the many wind turbines in Cornwall, which were among the first in Europe.
In December 2010 the Eden Project received permission to build a geothermal electricity plant which will generate approx 4MWe, enough to supply Eden and about 5000 households.[25] The project will involve geothermal heating as well as geothermal electricity. Cornwall Council and the European Union came up with the greater part of £16.8m required to start the project. First a well will be sunk nearly 3 miles (4.5 km) into the granite crust underneath Eden.
Eden co-founder, Sir Tim Smit said, "Since we began, Eden has had a dream that the world should be powered by renewable energy. The sun can provide massive solar power and the wind has been harnessed by humankind for thousands of years, but because both are intermittent and battery technology cannot yet store all we need there is a gap. We believe the answer lies beneath our feet in the heat underground that can be accessed by drilling technology that pumps water towards the centre of the Earth and brings it back up superheated to provide us with heat and electricity".[26]
Drilling began in May 2021,[27] and heating of the biomes began in 2023, using 85°C.[28]
Other projects[edit] Eden Project Morecambe[edit]In 2018, the Eden Project revealed its design for a new version of the project, located on the seafront in Morecambe, Lancashire. There will be biomes shaped like mussels and a focus on the marine environment. There will also be reimagined lidos, gardens, performance spaces, immersive experiences, and observatories.[29][30]
Grimshaw are the architects for the project, which is expected to cost £80 million.[31] The project is a partnership with the Lancashire Enterprise Partnership, Lancaster University, Lancashire County Council, and Lancaster City Council.[29][30] In December 2018, the four local partners agreed to provide £1 million to develop the idea, which allowed the development of an outline planning application for the project.[32] It is expected that there will be 500 jobs created and 8,000 visitors a day to the site.[32]
Hing been granted planning permission in January 2022 and with £50 million of levelling-up funding granted in January 2023, it is due to open in late 2028 and predicted to benefit the North West economy by £200 million per year.[33][34][35][36][37] In July 2024, Lancaster City Council received the first £2.5m of a promised £50m in UK government funding for the scheme. The grant would be used to appoint a main contractor to develop the designs for Eden Project Morecambe.[38]
Eden Project Dundee[edit]In May 2020, the Eden Project revealed plans to establish their first attraction in Scotland, and named Dundee as the proposed site of the location.[39] The city's Camperdown Park was widely touted to be the proposed location of the new attraction however in May 2021, it was announced that the Eden Project had chosen the site of the former gasworks in Dundee as the location. It was planned that the new development would result in 200 new jobs and "contribute £27m a year to the regional economy".[40] The project is in partnership with Dundee City Council, the University of Dundee and the Northwood Charitable Trust.[41]
In 2021, Eden Project announced that they would establish fourteen hectares of new wildflower habitat in areas across Dundee, including Morgan Academy and Caird Park.[42]
In July 2023, new images were released depicting what the Dundee attraction would look which accompanied the planning permission documents for the new attraction which would be submitted by autumn 2023.[43]
Planning permission for the project was approved by Dundee City Council in June 2024.[44]
South Downs[edit]In 2020, Eastbourne Borough Council and the Eden Project announced a joint project to explore the viability of a new Eden site in the South Downs National Park.[45]
Qingdao, China[edit]In 2015, the Eden Project announced that it had reached an agreement to construct an Eden site in Qingdao, China.[46] While the site had originally been slated to open by 2020, construction fell behind schedule due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the opening date was delayed to 2023. The new site is expected to focus on "water" and its central role in civilization and nature.[47]
Eden Project New Zealand[edit]A planned Eden Project for the New Zealand city of Christchurch, to be called Eden Project New Zealand/Eden Project Aotearoa, was expected to be inaugurated in 2025. It was to be centred close to the Avon River, on a site largely razed as a result of the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake.[48] The project has since been cancelled.[49]
Eden Sessions[edit]Since 2002, the Project has hosted a series of musical performances, called the Eden Sessions, usually held during the summer. The 2020 sessions were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and were rescheduled as the 2022 sessions lineup.
The 2025 sessions were headlined by Texas, Gary Barlow, The Script, Deftones, Biffy Clyro, Madness and The Libertines. Kneecap were originally scheduled to perform on 4 July, however, it was announced on 29 April that their show was cancelled following their public statements criticising Israel's actions in Gaza.[50]
Lineup history[edit] Date Headliner[51] Supporting Act(s) 2002 5 July Pulp Chilly Gonzales and British Sea Power 6 July Spiritualized Beth Orton and Six by Seven 12 July Doves The Soundtrack of Our Lives and The Rapture 2003 1 August Badly Drawn Boy The Thrills 5 August Moby The Orb 15 August PJ Harvey Elbow 22 August World of Music, Arts and Dance 2004 16 July Brian Wilson 6 August Primal Scream 13 August Air Super Furry Animals 20 August Supergrass The Beta Band 27 August World of Music, Arts and Dance 2005 2 July Live 8: Africa Calling 1 August Keane Editors 19 August Embrace Hard-Fi 26 August Basement Jaxx Lady Sovereign 27 August Ian Brown Badly Drawn Boy and British Sea Power 2006 12 August The Magic Numbers José González 22 August Muse Hey Molly and Nixon and the Burn 25 August Goldfrapp Ladytron 27 August Snow Patrol Rocco DeLuca and Liam Frost 2007 20 June Peter Gabriel 2 July James Morrison 10 July Rufus Wainwright Hot Chip 17 July Amy Winehouse Leon Jean-Marie 18 July Lily Allen Mark Ronson 22 July Pet Shop Boys Dirty Pretty Things 2008 27 June The Verve 29 June The Raconteurs Vampire Weekend 11 July Bill Bailey 15 July Kaiser Chiefs White Lies and Late of the Pier 25 July KT Tunstall Guillemots and Sons and Daughters 2009 4 July Kasabian 9 July Razorlight The Maccabees 10 July Paul Weller Florence and the Machine 14 July Oasis 18 July The Kooks Ladyhawke 2010 26 June Jack Johnson Moje 3 27 June Mika Diana Vickers 2 July Doves Mumford & Sons 3 July Calvin Harris Audio Bullys 9 July Al Murray Greg Dies and Craig Campbell 13–14 July Paolo Nutini Martha Wainwright 2011 23 June Primal Scream The Horrors and Seth Lakeman 25 June Pendulum Pretty Lights 30 June The Flaming Lips The Go! Team and OK Go 1 July Fleet Foxes Villagers and The Bees 12 July Brandon Flowers Mystery Jets and Crowns 2012 23 June Tim Minchin Craig Campbell 30 June Example Rudimental 1 July Frank Turner Stornoway, Bellowhead, Mull Historical Society, Seth Lakeman, The Stes, and Dodgy 4 July Chase & Status Labrinth 6 July Plan B Bebe Black 8 July Blink-182 Crowns, The Computers, Bangers, and Black Tambourines 11 July Noah and the Whale The Vaccines 2013 3 June Eddie Izzard 29 June Kaiser Chiefs Tom Tom Club and Deap Vally 30 June Sigur Rós Daughter and Willy Mason 2 July The xx CHIC (featuring Nile Rodgers) 13–14 July Jessie J A*M*E 2014 21 June Dizzee Rascal Katy B and Backbeat Soundsystem 25 June Skrillex 8 July Ellie Goulding Kwabs 9 July Pixies Tricot 14–15 July Elbow Jimi Goodwin 2015 12 June Paolo Nutini The Stes and Harry Collier 16–17 June Elton John 24 June Paloma Faith Liam Bailey 27 June Motörhead The Stranglers and King Creature 9 July Spandau Ballet Rusty Egan 17 July Ben Howard Joe Pug 2016 14–15 June Lionel Richie Corinne Bailey Rae 22 June Jess Glynne Jay Prince 26 June Tom Jones 27 June PJ Harvey Jehnny Beth 9 July Manic Street Preachers Bill Ryder-Jones and The Anchoress 2017 15 June Bastille Rationale 16 June Madness Backbeat Soundsystem 22 June Royal Blood Turbowolf 23 June Blondie Dodgy 1 July Van Morrison Paul O'Brady 6 July Bryan Adams 11 July Foals Everything Everything 2018 6 June Gary Barlow Jason Brock 15–16 June Massive Attack Young Fathers 23 June Levellers New Model Army and Reef 30 June Ben Howard Gwenno 3 July Queens of the Stone Age CRX 5 July Jack Johnson Nick Mulvey 7 July Björk Lanark Artefax and Klein 2019 20 June Stereophonics Sea Girls and The Wind and The We 21 & 23 June Nile Rodgers & CHIC Kokoroko, Doves, Dreadzone, Asian Dub Foundation, Bill Jefferson, and Backbeat Soundsystem 26 June Liam Gallagher Fontaines D.C. and The Velvet Hands 28 June The Chemical Brothers James Holroyd 2–3 July Kylie Minogue Nina Nesbitt 2021 11 September Ben Howard Femmes De La Mer 12 September McFly Ultra Violets 14 September Royal Blood The Mysterines 16 September Snow Patrol Lucy Blue 17 September The Script Ward Thomas 18 September Idles Spectres and Black Honey 2022 16–17 May My Chemical Romance Frank Turner and LostAlone 15 June Noel Gallagher’s High Flying Birds Confidence Man 17–18 June Nine Inch Nails Nitzer Ebb and Yves Tumor 21 June Diana Ross DJ Offline 29 June Bryan Adams 5 July Stereophonics Himalayas 2023 7 June Lionel Richie Gabrielle 10 June Yungblud Crawlers 18 June The War on Drugs Beth Orton 23 June Jack Johnson Hollie Cook 24 June Incubus Lealani and Far From Saints 28 June Pet Shop Boys Mike Pickering 1 July Kasabian Miles Kane 7 July Anne-Marie Rachel Chinouriri 25 July The Who Simon Townshend 2024 12 June Crowded House Liam Finn 14 June Fatboy Slim Charlie Boon 19 June Paolo Nutini Prima Queen 29 June Manic Street PreachersSuede 2 July The National This Is The Kit 3 July Rick Astley The Lightning Seeds 5 July Tom Grennan Liv Dawson 13 July JLS Tinchy Stryder 2025 12 June Texas KT Tunstall 18 June Gary Barlow Beverley Knight 25 June The Script Tom Walker 26 June Deftones High Vis 9–10 July Biffy Clyro Nova Twins 12 July Madness Rhoda Dakar 13 July The Libertines Fletchr Fletchr, Mên An Tol, Sports Team and Frank Turner and The Sleeping Souls In the media[edit]The Eden Project has appeared in various television shows and films such as the James Bond film Die Another Day, The Bad Education Movie, in the Netflix series The Last Bus, in the CBeebies show Andy's Aquatic Adventure and in Armenia’s postcard in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023.
A weekly radio show called The Eden Radio Project is held every Thursday afternoon on CHAOS Radio, formerly known as Radio St Austell Bay.
On 18 November 2019, on the Trees A Crowd podcast, Did Oakes interviewed Eden Project's Head of Interpretation, Dr Jo Elworthy, about the site.
See also[edit]