PP pUsageWriting systemLatin scriptTypeAlphabetic and logographicLanguage of originLatin languageSound values[p][pʰ][(p)f][pʼ][b]/piː/In UnicodeU+0050, U+0070Alphabetical position16HistoryDevelopment 𐌐P pTime periodc. 700 BCE to presentDescendants • Ᵽ • ₱ • ℘ • ⅌ • ℗ • ♇ • ꟼ • ¶SistersΠ πⲠПף פ פּفܦࠐ𐎔በጰፐՊ պप𐍀པOtherAssociated graphsp(x), phWriting directionLeft-to-rightThis article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. ISO basicLatin alphabet AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz vte
P, or p, is the sixteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is pee (pronounced /ˈpiː/ ⓘ), plural pees.[1]
HistoryThe Semitic Pê (mouth), as well as the Greek Π or π (Pi), and the Etruscan and Latin letters that developed from the former alphabet all symbolized /p/, a voiceless bilabial plosive.
Egyptian Proto-Sinaitic Proto-Canaanitepʿit Phoenician Pe Western GreekPi Etruscan P LatinP Use in writing systems Pronunciation of ⟨p⟩ by language Orthography Phonemes Standard Chinese (Pinyin) /pʰ/ English /p/, silent French /p/, silent German /p/ Portuguese /p/ Spanish /p/ Turkish /p/ Late Renaissance or early Baroque design of a P, from 1627 EnglishIn English orthography, ⟨p⟩ represents the sound /p/.
A common digraph in English is ⟨ph⟩, which represents the sound /f/, and can be used to transliterate ⟨φ⟩ phi in loanwords from Greek. In German, the digraph ⟨pf⟩ is common, representing a labial affricate /pf/.
Most English words beginning with ⟨p⟩ are of foreign origin, primarily French, Latin and Greek; these languages preserve the Proto-Indo-European initial *p. Native English cognates of such words often start with ⟨f⟩, since English is a Germanic language and thus has undergone Grimm's law; a native English word with an initial /p/ would reflect Proto-Indo-European initial *b, which is so rare that its existence as a phoneme is disputed. However, native English words with non-initial ⟨p⟩ are quite common; such words can come from either Kluge's law or the consonant cluster /sp/ (PIE: *p has been preserved after s).
P is the eighth least frequently used letter in the English language.
Other languagesIn most European languages, ⟨p⟩ represents the sound /p/.
Other systemsIn the International Phonetic Alphabet, ⟨p⟩ is used to represent the voiceless bilabial plosive.
Other uses Main article: P (disambiguation) A bold italic letter p is used in musical notation as a dynamic indicator for "quiet". It stands for the Italian word piano.[2][3] Related characters Ancestors, descendants and siblingsThe Latin letter P represents the same sound as the Greek letter Pi, but it looks like the Greek letter Rho.
𐤐 : Semitic letter Pe, from which the following symbols originally derive: Π π : Greek letter Pi 𐌐 : Old Italic and Old Latin P, which derives from Greek Pi, and is the ancestor of modern Latin P. The Roman P had this form (𐌐) on coins and inscriptions until the reign of Claudius, c. 50 AD. 𐍀 : Gothic letter pertra/pairþa, which derives from Greek Pi П п : Cyrillic letter Pe, which derives from Greek Pi Ⲡ ⲡ : Coptic letter Pi Պ պ: Armenian letter Pe P with diacritics: Ṕ ṕ Ṗ ṗ Ᵽ ᵽ Ƥ ƥ ᵱ[4] ᶈ[5] Turned P: P d, an additional letter of the Latin script not encoded in Unicode Uralic Phonetic Alphabet-specific symbols related to P:[6] U+1D18 ᴘ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL P U+1D3E ᴾ MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL P U+1D56 ᵖ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL P p : Subscript small p was used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902[7] Derived ligatures, abbreviations, signs and symbols ₱ : Philippine peso sign 𝒫, 𝓅 : script letter P (uppercase and lowercase, respectively), used in mathematics. (In other contexts, a script typeface (or computer font) should be used.) ℘ Weierstrass p ℗ : sound recording copyright symbol ♇ : Pluto symbol, a monogram of the letters "PL", and also the initials of Percival Lowell, heralding his role in its discovery ꟼ : Reversed P was used in ancient Roman texts to stand for puella (girl)[8] Ꝑ ꝑ, Ꝓ ꝓ, Ꝕ, ꝕ : Various forms of P were used for medieval scribal abbreviations[9] Other representationsComputing U+0050 P LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P U+0070 p LATIN SMALL LETTER P U+FF30 Ｐ FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P U+FF50 ｐ FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER P Other NATO phonetic Morse code Papa ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ ⓘ
Signal flag Flag semaphore American manual alphabet (ASL fingerspelling) British manual alphabet (BSL fingerspelling) Unified English Braille See also Mind your Ps and Qs Pence or "penny", the English slang for which is p (e.g. "20p" = 20 pence) References ^ "P", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "pee," op. cit. ^ Randel, Don Michael (2003). The Harvard Dictionary of Music (4th ed.). Cambridge, MA, US: Harvard University Press Reference Library. ^ "Piano". Virginia Tech Multimedia Music Dictionary. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2012. ^ Constable, Peter (2003-09-30). "L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24. ^ Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24. ^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-19. Retrieved 2018-03-24. ^ Ruppel, Klaas; Aalto, Tero; Everson, Michael (2009-01-27). "L2/09-028: Proposal to encode additional characters for the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24. ^ Perry, Did J. (2006-08-01). "L2/06-269: Proposal to Add Additional Ancient Roman Characters to UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-06-14. Retrieved 2018-03-24. ^ Everson, Michael; Baker, Peter; Emiliano, António; Grammel, Florian; Haugen, Odd Einar; Luft, Diana; Pedro, Susana; Schumacher, Gerd; Stötzner, Andreas (2006-01-30). "L2/06-027: Proposal to add Medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-09-19. Retrieved 2018-03-24. External links Media related to P at Wikimedia Commons The dictionary definition of P at Wiktionary The dictionary definition of p at Wiktionary vteLatin script History Spread Romanization Roman numerals Ligatures Alphabets (list) Classical Latin alphabet ISO basic Latin alphabet Phonetic alphabets International Phonetic Alphabet X-SAMPA Spelling alphabet Letters (list) Letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz Additional Latin letters Æ æ Ɑ ɑ Ʌ ʌ Ꞵ ꞵ Ð ð Ɛ ɛ Ə ə Ǝ ə Ɣ ɣ Ƣ ƣ Ɩ ɩ Ɥ ɥ Ŋ ŋ Œ œ Ɔ ɔ ɤ Kʼ ĸ Ʀ ʀ ẞ ß Ʃ ʃ Ɯ ɯ Ʊ ʊ Ꞷ ꞷ Ʋ ʋ Ƿ ƿ Ȝ ȝ ϴ θ Ʒ ʒ Ƹ ƹ Þ þ Ȣ ȣ Ꭓ ꭓ Ɂ ʔ ɂ ʕ ǀ ǁ ǂ ǃ ʘ ʻ ʼ Ꞌ ꞌ 3 Ꜫ ꜫ Ꜭ ꜭ 7 Letter P with diacritics Ṕṕ Ṗṗ Ᵽᵽ Ꝑꝑ Ƥƥ Ꝓꝓ Ꝕꝕ P̃p̃ ᵱ ᶈ MultigraphsDigraphs Ch Dz Dž Gh IJ Lj Ll Ly Nh Nj Ny Sh Sz Th Trigraphs dzs eau Tetragraphs ough PentagraphstzschKeyboard layouts (list) QWERTY QWERTZ AZERTY Dvorak Colemak BÉPO Neo Historical standards ISO/IEC 646 Western Latin character sets Current standards Unicode DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe Lists Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode Letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks Diacritics Palaeography