Loureiro majored in Physics at Instituto Superior Técnico in Lisbon in 2000 and obtained a Phd in physics at Imperial College London in 2005, according to his faculty web page.
The theoretical physicist and fusion scientist was known for his award-winning research in magnetised plasma dynamics.
Magnetised plasma dynamics is the study of the state of matter in which the motion of charged particles is influenced by the presence of an external magnetic field, according to Nature.
His research addressed "complex problems lurking at the center of fusion vacuum chambers and at the edges of the universe", according to the university's obituary.
He also studied how to harness clean "fusion power" to combat climate change, CBS said.
"Our deepest sympathies are with his family, students, colleagues, and all those who are grieving," an MIT spokesperson said in a statement provided to the BBC.
The university added that "focused outreach and conversations" are taking place within the MIT community to offer care and support for those who knew the professor.
The centre's preceding director, Dennis Whyte, described Loureiro as both a brilliant scientist and a brilliant person.
"He shone a bright light as a mentor, friend, teacher, colleague and leader, and was universally admired for his articulate, compassionate manner," Mr Whyte told MIT News.
Deepto Chakrabarty, the head of MIT's department of physics, echoed those sentiments and said that Loureiro was a champion of plasma physics and that his recent research was "a particularly exciting new scientific direction".
Correction 16 December: An earlier version of this story incorrectly defined the kind of plasma that Professor Loureiro researched.