Historical demographics Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus Articles Demographic history Historical demography Classical · Medieval World population estimates List of countries by population 1500 1600 1700
This is a list of countries by population in 1600. Estimate numbers are from the beginning of the year, and exact population figures are for countries that held a census on various dates in that year. The bulk of these numbers are sourced from Alexander V. Avakov's Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1, pages 15 to 17, which cover population figures from the year 1600 divided into modern borders. Avakov, in turn, cites a variety of sources, mostly Angus Maddison. More specific numbers are given by other sources, and are noted as such in the citations.
Ming dynasty 27.6% Mughal Empire 19.9% Holy Roman Empire 5.20% Iberian Union 5.00% Ottoman Empire 3.80% Kingdom of France 3.30% Others 35.2% Country/Territory Population c. 1600 estimate Percentage of World Population World 579,000,000 – Ming Dynasty[1][2] Subdivisions Liaodong Regional Military Commission – ? Dokham Regional Military Commission – ? Sichuan Province Tusi – ? Guizhou Province Tusi – ? Guangxi Province Tusi – ? Yunnan Province Tusi – ? Chinese Shan States – ? 60,000,000–150,000,000 27.6% Mughal Empire[3][4][a] Subdivisions Jaisalmer – ? Bikaner – ? Marwar – ?Mewar – ?Amber – ? Dungarpur – ?Kotah – ?Gondi states – ? ~56,000,000 9.7% Holy Roman Empire[4][b] subdivisions Bohemian Crown – 2,950,000[8] Archduchy of Austria (and related territories) – 2,500,000 Spanish Netherlands – 1,600,000+[9] Duchy of Milan – 1,350,000[10] Soy – 1,200,000[c] Electorate of Saxony – 1,200,000[12] Republic of the Swiss – 1,000,000 Electorate of Baria – ~800,000[13] Republic of Genoa – 650,000[14] Grand Duchy of Tuscany – 648,000[15] Electoral Palatinate – ~600,000[16] Margriate of Brandenburg- ~350,000[17] Duchy of Württemberg – ? Duchy of Modena and Reggio – ~250,000[18] Duchy of Parma – ~250,000 Margriate of Baden – ? Thuringian states – ? Duchy of Carniola – 248,000[19] Landgriate of Hesse-Kassel 230,000[20] Duchy of Holstein – 185,000[21] Republic of Lucca – 110,000[15] Landgriate of Hesse-Darmstadt – 50,000 Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – ? Nassau-Weilburg – ? Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg – ? County of Oldenburg – ? Duchy of Luxemburg – ? Imperial County of Reuss – ? Principality of Lippe – ? Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – ? Anhalt-Dessau – ? Arenberg – ? Anhalt-Bernburg – ? Anhalt-Köthen – ? County of Schaumburg – ? Liechtenstein – ? Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg- ? Principality of Calenberg – ? Electorate of Mainz – 100,000+[22] Franche-Comté – ? Electorate of Trier – 100,000+[22] Electorate of Cologne – 100,000+[22] Duchy of Brunswick-Luneburg – ? Saxe-Lauenburg – ? Prince-Bishopric of Münster – ? Archbishopric of Magdeburg – ? Hamburg – ~20,000[23] Free City of Lübeck – ? Duchy of Schleswig – ? Prince-bishopric of Lübeck – ? Prince-Bishopric of Trent – ? Principality of Ansbach – ? 27,000,000+ – 34,000,000+ 5.2% Iberian Union and possessions subdivisions Spanish America – c. 9,745,000[24] Kingdom of Spain – 8,240,000[25][26] Kingdom of Naples – 3,000,000[15] Spanish Netherlands (Belgium) – 1,600,000+ Duchy of Milan – 1,350,000 Kingdom of Portugal – 1,100,000[27] Kingdom of Sicily – 1,100,000[15][28] Captaincy General of the Philippines – 791,000 Franche-Comté – ? Goa state – 250,000[29] Diu – ? Viceroyalty of Sardinia – 300,000[15] Malacca – ~195,000[15] Viceroyalty of Brazil – 45,000 Bahrain – 54,000 Duchy of Luxemburg – ? Andorra – ? 28,745,000+ 5.0% Ottoman Empire[4][30] subdivisions Anatolia and East Thrace – 7,275,000 Egypt Eyalet – 5,000,000 Greece[31] – 1,500,000 Bulgaria – 1,250,000Syria – 1,175,000 Iraq- 1,070,000 Serbia – 1,057,000 Ottoman Hungary – 900,000 Bosnia Eyalet – 449,000 Sidon Eyalet – 292,000 Palestine – 352,000 Cyprus – 98,000 Habesh Eyalet – ? Ottoman Albania[32] – 200,000 vassal states (not counted in the total) Regency of Algiers – 2,250,000 Beylik of Tunis – 1,000,000 Regency of Tripoli – 500,000 Principality of Transylvania – 965,000[33] Principality of Moldia - 440,000[34] Principality of Wallachia - 300,000[34] Crimean Khanate - 2,740,000 Sultanate of Aceh - ? 22,000,000[30] 3.8% Kingdom of France [35] subdivisions Kingdom of Narre – ? Andorra Viscounty of Béarn 19,000,000 3.3% Kingdom of Morocco and possessions[4][36][d] subdivisions Pashalik of Timbuktu – 10,810,860Morocco – 2,250,000 13,060,860 2.3% Tokugawa Japan[37] 12,000,000 2.1% Joseon[38] 11,722,000 ~2.0% Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth[39] subdivisions Royal Prussia – ? Duchy of Courland and Semigallia – ? Duchy of Livonia – ? ~10,000,000 1.7% Tsardom of Russia[40][41] 9,000,000 1.6% Habsburg Monarchy[42] subdivisions Bohemian Crown – 2,950,000 Archduchy of Austria – 2,100,000 Kingdom of Hungary – 1,800,000 Kingdom of Croatia – est. 647,000 Duchy of Carniola – 290,000 7,800,000 1.3% Safid Iran[43] Under 5,000,000 to near 10,000,000 1.3% England and possessions[44] subdivisions Kingdom of England – 4,150,000 Kingdom of Ireland – 1,200,000 Wales – 250,000Channel Islands – 20,000[45][46]Isle of Man – 5,000 5,600,000 1.0% Lê dynasty (Đại Việt)[47] 5,500,000 0.9% Taungoo dynasty (Burma)[48][49][e] subdivisions Shan States – ? 3,500,000 0.6% Ahom kingdom 2,000,000-3,000,000[53] 0.3%-0.5% Northern Yuan[54] ~2,760,000 0.5% Malla[4] 2,750,000 0.5% Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam)[55] ~2,500,000 0.4% Ethiopian Empire[4] 2,104,000 0.4% Republic of Venice[56] 2,000,000 0.3% Kingdom of Kongo[57] 2,000,000 0.3% Jianzhou Jurchen Confederation[58]