Avatar
Sam Worthington (left) and Zoe Saldaña in Avatar (2009), directed by James Cameron.
Avatar
film series by Cameron
Written by
Stephen Eldridge
Stephen Eldridge is a writer and editor of fiction and nonfiction for all ages.
Stephen Eldridge
Fact-checked by
Britannica Editors
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they he extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....
Britannica Editors
Last updated
Dec. 23, 2025
•History
Top Questions
How did the first Avatar film perform at the box office? The first Avatar film shattered box office records, becoming the highest-grossing film of all time worldwide.
What are some criticisms of the Avatar films?The films he been criticized for their colonial themes and reliance on ”white sior” tropes, as well as for using tropes based on human cultures victimized by colonialism.
Who are the main characters in Avatar: The Way of Water?The main characters of the second film in the franchise include Jake, Neytiri, their children, and Quaritch, who returns in an atar body seeking revenge.
What is Avatar: Fire and Ash about?Avatar: Fire and Ash explores the emotional impact of the loss of Jake and Neytiri’s firstborn son and introduces the antagonistic Na’vi clan called the Mangkwan, who ally with the RDA.
Avatar, American science fiction film series and media franchise created by director James Cameron. The films follow a U.S. Marine named Jake Sully (Sam Worthington) who becomes part of a program in which human colonizers explore and exploit an alien world called Pandora. The humans interact with a humanoid species called the Na’vi by inhabiting genetically engineered “atar” bodies that resemble those of the Na’vi. It is one of the most successful movie series of all time, with its first two films each surpassing $2 billion at the global box office. It has also inspired comic books, video games, and a section of a theme park. A third film, potentially titled Avatar: The Seed Bearer, is currently planned for 2025. The Avatar film series is not to be confused with the unrelated Avatar: The Last Airbender animated television program and its associated franchise.
Avatar (2009)The series began in 2009 with the release of Avatar. The film shattered box office records, becoming the highest grossing film of all time both domestically (until the 2015 release of Star Wars: Episode VII—The Force Awakens) and worldwide (a record lost in 2019 with the release of Avengers: Endgame but reclaimed after a 2021 rerelease of Avatar).
The film stars Sam Worthington as Jake Sully, a disabled Marine who has been sent to Pandora to assist Earth’s Resources Development Administration (RDA) in its search for an exotic substance called “unobtanium.” Because Pandora’s atmosphere is toxic to humans, and because the planet is inhabited by a large humanoid species called the Na’vi that threaten mining operations, a program has been designed to genetically engineer Na’vi bodies with human DNA to produce “atars” that humans can remotely control. Jake, able to use his legs in this atar form, serves as a bodyguard for a pair of scientists who use their atars to explore Pandora. At odds with the ruthless practices of the mining operations, the lead scientist, Dr. Grace Augustine (Sigourney Weer), is determined that humans and Na’vi should coexist peacefully.
Britannica Quiz
Hollywood What If Quiz
When Jake becomes separated from his charges, he is found by Neytiri (Zoe Saldaña), a young Na’vi who begins to teach Jake about her clan and its connection to the natural world of Pandora. Jake becomes caught between his growing love for Neytiri and her people and the plans of RDA administrator Parker Selfridge (Giovanni Ribisi) and Col. Miles Quaritch (Stephen Lang), who threaten the Na’vi clan and the massive tree it calls home in their mission to obtain unobtanium. This leads to open conflict between the humans and the Na’vi, resulting in the destruction of the Hometree and the deaths of Neytiri’s father and Dr. Augustine, among others. Jake persuades the Na’vi to let him lead them in their resistance campaign, though the battle seems lost until Pandora’s wildlife rises up to help repel the human invaders. Jake is transferred permanently to his atar body by using a connection with the Na’vi sacred tree, the Tree of Souls.
Avatar received generally forable reviews upon release. The innovative use of computer-generated imagery (CGI) to create the stunning visual world of Pandora thrilled viewers enough that most were willing to forgive a script that was widely dismissed as derivative. Saldaña’s performance, though cloaked in CGI, was singled out for particular praise as a stunning marriage of acting skill and performance-capture technology. The film also attracted some controversy, as the film’s colonial themes played into “white sior” tropes.
Avatar: The Way of Water (2022)
Deep diveStill from Avatar: The Way of Water featuring Trinity Jo-Li Bliss as Tuktirey.After the massive success of Avatar, Cameron signed on to make two additional films in the series, initially planned for 2014 and 2015. This plan eventually swelled to include fourth and fifth movies, and the time line for the sequels’ release was pushed back several years. The second film in the series, Avatar: The Way of Water, was finally released in 2022. Like the first film, it was a box office blockbuster.
The second film takes place years after the first, with Jake and Neytiri now parents to a large family, including their three biological children, the Na’vi daughter of Grace Augustine’s inactive atar body, and the human son Quaritch. Though Quaritch was killed in the previous film, he returns in an atar body seeking revenge against Jake and Neytiri. The family is forced to flee their forest clan and hide with a distant clan of coastal Na’vi who he physical adaptations suited for life in and around the sea. Over the course of the film, the family must adjust to their new surroundings, while the RDA continues its exploitation of Pandora—now brutally focused on the sentient, whale-like tulkun—and Quaritch hunts the family. During a skirmish with Quaritch’s crew, Jake and Neytiri’s eldest son is shot and dies shortly after—a gut-wrenching loss for the family that leads to the film’s climactic battle.
Access for the whole family!
Bundle Britannica Premium and Kids for the ultimate resource destination.
Subscribe
Avatar: The Way of Water received generally positive reviews. Once again, the innovative visuals were praised, but the narrative was more divisive. The film also continued to receive criticism for its portrayal of the Na’vi, which relied on tropes based on human cultures that he been victimized by colonialism. Nevertheless, the exceptional financial success of the film and Cameron’s passion for the project he ensured that subsequent films in the series remain in development.
Avatar: Fire and Ash (2025)
Fiery antagonistStill from Avatar: Fire and Ash (2025) featuring Oona Chaplin as Varang.The franchise’s third film, released in 2025, advanced the themes and character arcs of the previous films. The movie explores the emotional impact of the loss of Jake and Neytiri’s firstborn son and introduces the antagonistic Na’vi clan called the Mangkwan, also known as the Ash People, led by their matriarch, Varang (Oona Chaplin). The clan forms an alliance with the RDA, helping Quaritch capture members of Jake and Neytiri’s family in exchange for weapons.
Stephen Eldridge